我国植物检疫性菌物数据库平台的建设及应用

Construction and application of reference databases for plant quarantine fungi in China

摘要:

近年来，随着我国对外贸易的不断增长，口岸检测样品量巨大，外来检疫性有害生物尤其是病原菌物传入我国的风险日趋增加，正成为我国国门生物安全的重要威胁。加强外来入侵菌物的防御能力建设，有效防范其造成的生物安全威胁迫在眉睫。由于外来入侵菌物各类群的基础研究薄弱，标准参比物质缺乏、基础数据和可检索数据库缺失，大部分物种缺乏准确、高效的鉴定手段，使得现有口岸菌物检疫存在准确性较低、速度较慢、误检漏检率较高等问题。针对上述问题，以我国进境检疫对象及主要进口农林作物上的高频检出但鉴定困难、误检率高的菌物类群为对象，建立了其标准参比物质库、形态特征信息库、多基因序列数据库，并通过整合多个信息库资源实现从检疫样品中初筛到物种精准鉴定的多模块服务平台www.casbrc.org/pqfungi，并开放共享。该数据库平台的应用有望促进我国口岸检疫部门的检测便利化水平大幅提升，在“智能海关”建设、维护国门生物安全及促进农林产品安全贸易中发挥重要作用。

Abstract:

In recent years, quarantine pests, especially phytopathogenic fungi, posed serious threats to the biological security of China. Thus, the reinforcement of defense systems for those invasive fungal species is essential to prevent alien biological threats. Due to the lack of reference materials and basic databases related to those phytopathogenic fungi, the identifications of these quarantine fungi remain ineffective, posing high risks of biological invasion that may lead to significant economic losses and ecological damages. In view of the shortcomings in the inspection and quarantine of important invasive fungal species, we established a reference database, which includes reference information from the voucher specimens, including the standard molecules, morphological characteristics, and multi-locus reference sequences. An integrative online identification and inspection platform was established by integrating multiple computer packages, including platform for initial multi-objective inspection of fungal species from quarantine samples, and the "one-stop shop" identification package of fungal species based on multi-locus sequences. The database can be freely accessed at website:www.casbrc.org/pqfungi. Construction of the reference databases and inspection platforms may greatly enhance the inspection efficiency of alien fungal pathogens, and have been playing increasingly important role in the construction of "intelligent customs" of China.