链霉菌形态分化与次级代谢产物合成的研究进展

Research progress on morphological differentiation and secondary metabolite biosynthesis of Streptomyces

摘要:

链霉菌是一类具有复杂的形态分化周期和强大的次级代谢能力的高GC含量的放线菌，能够利用其初级代谢产生的前体化合物和能量，合成多种结构复杂、功能多样的具有生物活性的次级代谢产物，在农业、食品、畜牧业、工业以及医药研究等领域都具有重要的价值。在链霉菌的形态分化后期常常伴随着次级代谢产物的生物合成，并且两者都受到复杂的网络调控；同时链霉菌的形态对次级代谢产物的产量和种类造成很大影响。对链霉菌生长周期的全面理解将加深对链霉菌形态分化与次级代谢产物合成关系的认识。本文将对链霉菌的形态分化过程、形态分化和抗生素合成两者共同的调控因子以及链霉菌形态与抗生素产量之间的关系进行综述，这将有助于理解抗生素的合成过程，也将会在缩短发酵周期、构建高产工程菌株、新型杀菌剂的研发以及新型抗生素的合成等方面给予我们启发。

Abstract:

Streptomyces is a genus of high GC content Actinomycetes with a complex morphological differentiation cycle and strong secondary metabolism ability. It can use the precursor compounds and energy produced by its primary metabolism to synthesize a variety of complex structure, diverse function and biologically active secondary metabolites, which has important value in the fields of agriculture, food, animal husbandry, industry, and medical research. The late morphologic differentiation of Streptomyces is often accompanied by the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, both of which are regulated by complex networks, and the morphology of Streptomyces has a great impact on the yield of secondary metabolites. A comprehensive understanding of the growth cycle of Streptomyces will deepen the knowledge of the relationship between Streptomyces morphological differentiation and secondary metabolite synthesis. In this paper, we review the process of morphological differentiation, the common regulatory factors involving in morphological differentiation and antibiotic synthesis, and the relationship between Streptomyces morphology and yield, which will help us to better understand the process of antibiotic synthesis. It will also inspire the insights about shortening the fermentation cycle, the construction of high-yield engineered strains, the research and development of new fungicides and the synthesis of new antibiotics.