城市绿地微生物及其对城市化的响应

Review on the microorganisms in urban green space and their response to urbanization

摘要:

城市绿地微生物的稳定性是城市绿地发挥其重要生态系统功能的重要因素。人类世时代的快速城市化会改变城市绿地土壤理化性质、输入新兴污染物、加剧微生物生态系统潜在风险、改变微生物群落多样性及生态系统功能多样性，深远地影响了城市绿地的生态系统服务功能。本文综述了城市绿地微生物的特征，以及城市化进程对城市绿地微生物组（包括土壤、植物叶际和空气）、抗生素抗性基因、病原微生物和稀有物种群落的影响。与自然微生物相比，城市绿地微生物普遍具有较高的异质性，受人类活动影响大。同时，抗生素抗性基因水平以及人类致病菌数量则显著增加，体现了城市化对城市绿地生态系统健康和功能的扰动。今后研究中应更加关注城市化对于城市绿地微生物的影响，为其对人群健康影响风险评价提供可靠理论支持。

关键词:城市化;城市绿地微生物;抗生素抗性基因;病原微生物;稀有微生物;再野化

Abstract:

Stability in microorganisms of urban green space (UGS) is a key factor to maintain its functioning of ecosystems. Rapid urbanization in the Anthropocene era would change soil physical and chemical properties of UGS, input emerging contaminants, aggravate the potential risk of microbial ecosystem and alter the diversities of microbial community and ecosystem function. These will further influence the service functions of UGS ecosystem. This article reviews the characteristics of UGS microorganisms, and the effects of urbanization on the UGS microbiome including soil, phyllosphere and air; antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs); pathogenic microorganisms; and rare species. Compared with the nature-derived microbes, UGS microorganisms generally have a higher heterogeneity, and are greatly affected by human activities. In the meantime, the level of ARGs and the number of human pathogenic bacteria have increased significantly, reflecting the disturbance of urbanization to the health and function of UGS ecosystems. We suggest that more attention to the impact of urbanization on microorganisms of UGS should be paid in future research, and to provide reliable theoretical supports for the risk assessment on human health.

Key words:urbanization;urban green space microorganism;antibiotic resistance genes;pathogenic microorganisms;rare microbial species;rewilding