整合子系统介导沙门菌耐药性的研究进展

Research progress of integron-mediated antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella

摘要:

沙门菌（Salmonella spp.）是公共卫生学上具有重要意义的人畜共患病病原菌。人、畜感染沙门菌后会引起伤寒、副伤寒、胃肠炎、败血症和肠外局灶性感染等疾病。抗生素是治疗沙门菌严重感染的有效手段，随着临床和畜牧业中抗生素的大量使用，使得沙门菌的耐药情况日益严重。整合子是普遍存在于细菌中的一种可移动基因元件，可有效捕获外源基因确保其表达，并复合于转座子、质粒等，使多种耐药基因在细菌种内或者种间进行传播。在过去的二十年中，随着新基因盒和复杂整合子的不断出现，导致整合子系统迅速进化。整合子在沙门菌耐药性传播过程中具有非常重要的作用，因此，本文对整合子系统的分子结构、分类、作用机制，以及沙门菌中存在的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类整合子介导的耐药性及现有检测方法的研究进展进行综述，以期为沙门菌耐药性研究提供参考。

Abstract:

Salmonella are a group of zoonotic pathogens threatening the public health. The invasion of Salmonella into humans and livestock causes typhoid and paratyphoid fever, gastroenteritis, septicaemia, and extraintestinal focal infections. Antimicrobials are an effective treatment for serious Salmonella infections. However, the extensive use of antimicrobials in clinical practice and animal husbandry has led to increasing antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella. Integrons, mobile genetic elements ubiquitous in bacteria, can efficiently capture exogenous genes and ensure their expression. Moreover, these integrons could be complexed with transposons, plasmids, etc., consequently enabling the intra- and interspecies dissemination of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in bacteria. Over the past two decades, the emergence of new gene arrangements and complex integrons in gene cassettes has led to the rapid evolution of integron systems. Integrons play a significant role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella. In this paper, we summarized the molecular structure, classification, and action mechanism of integron systems, and reviewed the progress of research on class I, II, and III integron-mediated antimicrobial resistance presented in Salmonella, together with the available detection methods, aiming to provide a reference for the research on antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella.