新疆不同栖息地赤麻鸭肠道菌群多样性研究

Diversity of gut microbiota in Tadorna ferruginea living in different habitats of Xinjiang province

摘要:

【目的】探讨天山北麓赤麻鸭肠道细菌多样性及其与栖息地环境之间的关系。【方法】于2017年秋季在天山北麓5个栖息地随机采取新鲜的赤麻鸭粪便，用细菌16S rDNA通用引物扩增V3-V4区并进行高通量测序，使用BLAST、USEARCH和QIIME等软件和在线工具分析各栖息地样品菌群组成与差异。【结果】从赤麻鸭粪便样本中共获得16S rDNA有效序列408 036条，聚类产生1 014个操作分类单元（operational taxonomic unit，OTU）。样品中的细菌分属25个门和397个属。在门分类阶元上，变形菌门和厚壁菌门在所有样品中均为优势菌，相对丰度较高的还包括拟杆菌门、梭杆菌门、放线菌门、蓝藻细菌、螺旋体门、Saccharibacteria和迷踪菌门，但以上细菌在各栖息地样品中的相对丰度存在差异。在属分类阶元上，各栖息地样品的菌群组成差异显著，艾比湖、安集海水库、奎屯水库、蘑菇湖水库和八一水库样品的优势菌分别为鲸杆菌属、巨单胞菌属、假单胞菌属、乳酸菌属和链球菌属。对不同样品菌群组成和差异分析表明，赤麻鸭胃肠道菌群组成受环境和食源的影响较大。【结论】新疆5个栖息地赤麻鸭肠道细菌多样性较为丰富，菌群组成有一定的共性，同时也存在明显的差异性，其主要与赤麻鸭所处环境和食源结构有关。

Abstract:

[Objective] Explore the diversity of gut microbiota of Tadorna ferruginea and its relationship with associated environment.[Methods] The fresh fecal samples of Tadorna ferruginea were randomly collected from five habitats at the northern Tianshan Mountain in the autumn of 2017, V3-V4 region was amplified with bacterial 16S rDNA universal primer, and high-throughput sequencing was performed, and then the software and online tools including BLAST, USEARCH and QIIME were used to analyze the bacterial diversity and compare the differences among the samples from different habitats.[Results] A total of 408 036 valid sequences and 1 014 OTUs were sequenced. The bacteria from the samples belonged to 25 phylum and 397 genera. At phylum level Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were dominant, meanwhile Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Saccharibacteria and Elusimicrobia are also abundance in the detected fecal samples. However, the proportions of these bacteria were diverse in these five habitat sites. In addition, the bacterial community of each site was significantly different at genus level. Cetobacterium, Megamonas, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were the dominant bacteria in the samples from Aibi Lake, Anjihai reservoir, Kuitun reservoir, Moguhu reservoir and Bayi reservoir, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the gut bacterial community was greatly influenced by the environment and food.[Conclusion] The diversity of gut microbiota of the Tadorna ferruginea in these five habitats in Xinjiang province was abundant, and there were some similarity and also specificity of the bacterial community in different sites, which were mainly related to the environment and food compositions in the habitat for Tadorna ferruginea.