细胞焦亡在黄病毒致病机制中的作用

Research progress on the role of pyroptosis in flavivirus infection

摘要:

黄病毒（flavivirus）是一类具有包膜的单股正链RNA病毒，经蚊虫叮咬传播，是新发突发传染性疾病的重要病原体，严重威胁着人类健康。尽管不同黄病毒引起的临床疾病不同，但是它们的临床症状却有一些相似之处，发热是黄病毒感染后最常见的症状，而且往往表现为高热。研究发现，寨卡病毒和日本脑炎病毒感染中存在胱天蛋白酶1（caspase1）依赖的炎性反应，而这一过程与细胞焦亡（pyroptosis）的部分机制相吻合。细胞焦亡是一种依赖于胱天蛋白酶（caspases）的炎性细胞程序性死亡类型，其特征有焦孔素（gasdermin）介导的孔形成、细胞肿胀破裂和炎性细胞因子释放。本文对黄病毒感染引起的固有免疫中巨噬细胞的焦亡现象进行综述，对细胞焦亡的分子机制、细胞焦亡的重要组分作用进行总结，分析了细胞焦亡与代表性黄病毒之间的关系，以期为细胞焦亡在黄病毒致病机制的后续研究提供参考，为抗病毒感染治疗提供新的思路。

Abstract:

Flaviviruses are a group of single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses with envelope, which are transmitted by mosquitoes. They are the major pathogens of emerging infectious diseases which threat human health in the world. Although the diseases caused by different flaviviruses vary, the clinical symptoms are similar to some extent. Fever, especially high fever, is the most common symptom after flavivirus infection. Studies have demonstrated that caspase-1-dependent inflammatory response occurs in the infections with Zika virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, and this process is partially consistent with the mechanism of pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is a type of programmed death of inflammatory cells dependent on caspases, characterized by gasdermin-mediated pore formation, cell swelling, rupture, and release of inflammatory cytokines. In this paper, the flavivirus-caused macrophage pyroptosis in innate immunity was reviewed. The molecular mechanism of pyroptosis and the important components involved in pyroptosis were summarized, and the relationship between pyroptosis and representative flaviviruses was analyzed. This study will provide reference for the follow-up research on the role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of flaviviruses and shed light on the antiviral treatment.