里氏木霉有性生殖的分子机理及其在遗传育种中的应用

Molecular mechanism of sexual reproduction in Trichoderma reesei and its application in strain engineering

摘要:

将木质纤维素转化为可发酵糖用于生产生物燃料以及生物基化学品是实现碳中和的有效途径之一。木质纤维素降解酶在这一过程中发挥着重要作用。里氏木霉是应用最为广泛的纤维素酶、半纤维素酶工业生产菌株。长期以来，里氏木霉一直被认为是红褐肉座菌的无性型，只能进行无性繁殖，菌种改良以经典诱变、基因育种等为主。直到近些年才证实里氏木霉可以进行有性生殖，这一发现为里氏木霉通过遗传有性杂交育种提供了可能性。本文对里氏木霉有性生殖的分子机制以及研究进展进行了综述，并结合作者多年来在里氏木霉菌种改造中的工作积累，对里氏木霉菌株的遗传改良新策略提出展望。

Abstract:

Converting lignocellulose into fermentable sugars for the production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals is one of the effective ways to achieve carbon neutrality. Lignocellulose-degrading enzymes play an important role in this process. Trichoderma reesei is the most widely used strain for the production of cellulases and hemicellulases. For a long time, T. reesei has been considered as the asexual form of Hypocrea jecorina, which can only reproduce asexually. The strain improvement is mainly based on traditional mutagenesis and gene manipulation. The sexual cycle of T. reesei has been discovered over the last few years, which provides the possibility for the genetic crossbreeding of T. reesei. Combined with previous work in genetic breeding of T. reesei from our laboratory, this article comprehensively describes the sexual reproduction process, characteristics, and regulation mechanism of T. reesei and prospects the genetic improvement strategy, providing a reference for the further development and application of T. reesei as a cellulase- and recombinant protein-expressing host.