广东本地及移民学龄儿童饮食结构和肠道菌群差异分析

Analysis of the diversity of dietary pattern and gut microbiota among local and immigrant pre-adolescent children in Guangdong

摘要:

【目的】探究广东本地及移民学龄儿童的饮食结构及肠道菌群分布的差异。【方法】以广东深圳为采样点，随机抽样选取48名广东本地儿童和34名移民儿童，进行膳食问卷调查和晨便采集。采用Mann-Whitney U test分析本地及移民儿童饮食因子摄入频率的差异，并使用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术对儿童的肠道菌群进行测序分析。【结果】82例儿童的膳食模式大多以米饭为主食，搭配蔬菜、优质肉类以及水果。但本地儿童在复合碳水化合物、蔬菜、海产品方面有更高的摄入量（P<0.05），而移民儿童在水果、低脂牛奶、酸奶产品方面有更高的摄入量（P<0.05）。α多样性结果显示，移民组的Chao1指数（P<0.001）和Ace指数（P<0.001）均显著高于本地组。在菌属水平，本地儿童肠道普氏菌属（P=0.027）和副拟杆菌属（P=0.040）丰度显著高于移民组。LEfSe分析同样显示菌群的组间差异主要由本地组的普氏菌科、普氏菌属等造成。RDA结果提示，蔬菜和低脂牛奶的摄入水平显著影响本地儿童肠道菌群的分布，初步提示本地儿童的饮食习惯可能影响肠道普氏菌属和副拟杆菌属的丰度。【结论】本研究揭示了本地与移民儿童的饮食结构及肠道菌群分布存在明显差异，而且蔬菜和低脂牛奶摄入水平与本地儿童肠道菌群分布呈显著相关关系，这为通过改变饮食从而调控肠道菌群提供了新的理论依据。

Abstract:

[Objective] This study was conducted to explore the diversity of dietary patterns and gut microbiota among local and immigrant pre-adolescent children in Guangdong province. [Methods] 48 local children and 34 immigrant children in Shenzhen city were randomly selected for food frequency questionnaire survey and morning feces collection. In addition, differences concerning the frequency of dietary intake between local and immigrant children were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test and used the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform to analyze the gut microbiota. [Results] Among all children, the dietary patterns were mostly rice as the staple food, with vegetables, meat, and fruits. However, the significantly higher intakes of carbohydrates enriched foods, vegetables and seafood in the local group, while significantly higher intakes of fruits, low-fat milk and yogurt in the immigrant group. The immigrant group was associated with increased α-diversity assessed by the Chao1 (P<0.001) and Ace (P<0.001) index. Furthermore, at the genus level, a significant increase in Prevotella and Parabacteroides was observed in the local group (P<0.05). The principal coordinate analysis biplots (ANOSIM, P>0.05) showed no significant changes among the two groups. In addition, the linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis indicated Prevotellaceae (family) and Prevotella (genus) were markedly higher in the local group. The result of redundancy analysis indicated that the intake of vegetables and low-fat milk significantly affected the distribution of intestinal flora in local children, and suggested that the dietary habits of local children may affect the abundance of Prevotella and Parabacteroides. [Conclusion] This study revealed that the differences in diet among local and immigrant children. A significant correlation between the intake of vegetables and low-fat milk and gut microbiota in local children was observed, which provided a new theoretical foundation for understanding the effects of diet on gut microbiota.