藻菌共生处理污水的机制与应用研究进展

Advances in mechanisms and applications of algae-bacteria/fungi symbiosis in sewage treatment

摘要:

在污水处理领域，藻菌共生有同步脱氮、除磷效率高、排放温室气体量低、生物质可资源化回收等优势，近年来受到学者的重视。目前鲜有综述污水处理中藻类与细菌、真菌及混合藻菌间互作机制的文章。本文从藻类-细菌、藻类-真菌、混合藻-混合菌3个方面介绍藻菌共生处理污水的研究进展，重点阐述藻菌间营养物质交换、信号传导及生物絮凝3种不同互作机制，总结污水处理中常见的藻菌共生生物反应器及其应用效果，并从互作机理研究、规模化应用及生物质回收利用的角度展望了今后的研究方向。

关键词:藻菌共生;互作机制;污水处理;脱氮除磷;生物絮凝;生物反应器

Abstract:

In the field of wastewater treatment, algae-bacteria/fungi symbiosis can efficiently remove nitrogen and phosphorus, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and recycle biomass after sewage treatment. Thus, researchers have shown increasing interests in the mechanisms and applications of algae-bacteria/fungi symbiosis in sewage treatment. There are few articles summarizing the interaction mechanisms of different algae-bacteria/fungi symbiotic systems in sewage treatment. In this review, we introduced the research progress on algae-bacteria/fungi symbiosis, especially the interaction mechanisms and effects, in sewage treatment from the following three aspects:algae-bacteria, algae-fungi, and mixed algae-mixed bacteria. Nutrient exchange is the basis of algae-bacteria/fungi symbiosis in sewage treatment. The molecules involved in signal transduction, such as quorum sensing molecules, can change the behavior and growth of algae or bacteria by activating gene expression or physiological activities. Fungal-assisted bio-flocculation has an immobilization effect on algae. Finally, we proposed the future research directions from the perspectives of mechanism, large-scale application, and biomass recycle.

Key words:algae-bacteria/fungi symbiosis;interaction mechanism;sewage treatment;nitrogen and phosphorus removal;bio-flocculation;bioreactor