溶藻细菌的功能多样性及其菌剂应用

Advances in functional diversity and application of algicidal bacteria

摘要:

溶藻细菌(algicidal bacteria)是一种以直接或间接方式杀灭藻细胞或抑制其生长的细菌。本文聚焦溶藻细菌的应用研究现状,从溶藻菌剂的类型、搭配策略、应用形式与场景等角度综述了5个门78个属的溶藻细菌以及7个门56个属的目标藻类的研究进展。总结发现Bacillus spp.、Streptomyces spp.和Pseudomonas spp.是报道溶藻细菌数量最多的菌属,并表现出广谱的溶藻能力,分别抑制23、15和19个属的藻类生长。溶藻细菌的作用机理呈现出多样化,其中83.1%的溶藻细菌是通过分泌溶藻物质来杀灭藻细胞。溶藻细菌的应用方式可分为直接泼洒、功能物质的提取及使用、载体固定化和反应器的搭建4类,需根据应用场景来选择相应的应用形式。目前多数研究仍停留于实验室试验,相应的溶藻细菌无法在现场应用中保证效果。未来面向藻华控制的实际需求,可针对溶藻细菌的功能挖掘、应用工艺和生态安全评估等方面开展深入的研究。

Abstract:

Algicidal bacteria can kill algae or inhibit algae activity in aquatic environments.This paper focused on the application of algicidal bacteria.To be specific,we described the taxa,combination strategies,application methods,and application scenarios of algicidal bacteria in 78 genera and 5 phyla,and the target algae in 56 genera and 7 phyla.Among the bacteria,Bacillus spp.,Streptomyces spp.,and Pseudomonas spp.are most widely reported,demonstrating broad algicidal spectrum (inhibiting 23,15,and 19 genera of target algae,respectively).The mechanisms are diverse and most (83.1%) of the algicidal bacteria kill algae by secreting algicidal substances.The application methods,such as direct spilling,extracting functional substances,fixing on carriers,inoculating in a reactor,are selected based on scenarios.However,most experiments were carried out in laboratories,and the effect in the field is unclear.In the future,for the purpose of algal bloom control,studies can be carried out on the functions,application technology,and ecological safety evaluation of algicidal bacteria.