环境中胞内胞外抗性基因的分离检测、分布与传播

Isolation,detection,distribution,and transmission of intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in the environment

摘要:

抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)传播对人类健康具有潜在的风险。胞内抗性基因(iARGs)和胞外抗性基因(eARGs)是抗生素抗性基因的两种存在形式,其在不同环境介质中的分布与传播过程具有截然不同的特征。本文首先基于ARGs赋存形态的差异,对染色体抗性基因、质粒抗性基因、噬菌体抗性基因等ARGs的胞内/胞外分类给予明确界定,并根据环境样品来源归纳了现有分离检测技术的应用场景,总结了iARGs和eARGs在养殖场、污水处理厂、河道、海洋、大气等环境中的分布特征,同时比较了其在传播方式和传播能力上的差异,以期为ARGs的分类阻控和健康风险评估提供理论参考。

关键词:抗生素抗性基因;胞内/胞外抗性基因;分离检测方法;分布特征;传播途径

Abstract:

The transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is a potential threat to human health.ARGs are present as both intracellular and extracellular fractions of DNA in the environment.Intracellular ARGs (iARGs) and extracellular ARGs (eARGs) have different distribution and transmission characteristics in different environments.In this paper,we first categorized chromosomal,plasmid-borne,phage-associated ARGs into iARGs and eARGs with regarding to their occurrence states,and then summarized the methods for the isolation and detection of iARGs and eARGs from soil,water,and the atmosphere.Afterwards,we described the abundance distribution of iARGs and eARGs in livestock and aquaculture farmlands,wastewater treatment plants,rivers,oceans,and the atmosphere and compared their transmission methods and ability.This paper is expected to provide a theoretical reference for the control and assessment of the health risks of ARGs in the future.

Key words:antibiotic resistance genes;iARGs/eARGs;isolation and detection methods;distribution characteristics;transmission routes