病毒感染引起的炎症反应：宿主对抗病毒的“双刃剑”

Inflammatory responses to viral infections: a double-edged sword in the antiviral defense of host

摘要:

先天性免疫系统作为宿主抵抗外来病原入侵的第一道防线，也是最迅速的防御系统。宿主先天性免疫系统中的模式识别受体识别入侵信号并激活炎症信号通路，诱导产生大量促炎性细胞因子，引起炎症反应。病毒感染是激活炎症反应的条件之一，诱导机体产生强烈的免疫应答，强大的炎症反应调控网络在宿主抗病毒过程中发挥关键作用，以维持机体的平衡。本文综述了病毒感染引起的炎症反应，重点介绍了宿主对炎症反应的调控网络，以及DNA和RNA病毒对炎症反应的调节机制，为病毒感染引起的免疫性疾病的治疗提供参考。

关键词:炎症反应;病毒感染;免疫调节机制;病理损伤

Abstract:

Innate immune response serves as the first line and the most rapid system of host defense against the invasion of microbial pathogens. Pattern recognition receptors in the host innate immune system activate a number of proinflammatory cytokines and cause inflammatory response after recognizing the invasion signal. Viral infections may activate immune responses of host. The strong regulatory network of inflammatory response plays a key role in the antiviral process of host to maintain the homeostasis. This paper reviews the inflammatory response induced by viral infections, focusing on the host regulatory network of inflammatory response, and the mechanisms of DNA and RNA viruses in regulating inflammatory response, aiming to provide some references for the treatment of immune diseases caused by viral infections.

Key words:inflammatory response;viral infection;immunomodulatory mechanism;pathological damage