细菌胞外囊泡的研究进展

Research progress on extracellular vesicles of bacteria

摘要:

胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles，EVs)是自然界中细胞生命活动的产物，是一种包裹核酸、蛋白、脂类等分子的纳米级磷脂双分子层颗粒。近年来，越来越多的研究证实细菌可以分泌EVs作为抗生素和噬菌体的“诱饵”，从而发挥防御功能；此外，EVs还在传递毒力因子、细胞间通讯、介导基因水平转移、营养和电子传递、促进生物膜的形成中发挥重要作用。因此，EVs对生物个体和群体都具有十分重要的作用。本文综述了细菌EVs形成机制、提取及鉴定方法、影响EVs分泌的因素等，重点总结了EVs的生物学功能以及在环境科学领域的研究进展，为EVs的进一步研究提供参考。

关键词:胞外囊泡;细胞间通讯;水平基因转移;毒力因子

Abstract:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), the products of cell life activities, are the nanoscale phospholipid bilayers encapsulating nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other molecules. A growing number of studies have demonstrated that EVs can be secreted by bacteria as “bait” for antibiotics and phages to perform defense functions. In addition, EVs play a role in the delivery of virulence factors, cellular communication, horizontal gene transfer, nutrient and electron transfer, and biofilm formation. Therefore, EVs are essential for organism individuals and communities. Here, we review the formation mechanism, extraction and identification methods, and the factors that influence the secretion of EVs. We focus on their biological functions and the research progress in the environmental field to provide a reference for relevant studies in the future.

Key words:extracellular vesicles;intercellular communication;horizontal gene transfer;virulence factor