幽门螺杆菌检测技术研究进展及展望

Research progress of detection technology of Helicobacter pylori and beyond

摘要:

幽门螺杆菌是(Helicobacter pylori，H. pylori)是导致人类多种胃肠疾病的主要病因，通过多种毒力因子导致各种疾病的发生和发展。鉴于目前幽门螺杆菌缺少商业化疫苗且多重耐药性问题日益严重，临床上对其根除效果不佳，因此，精准的检测技术是预防幽门螺杆菌感染的关键，也是评估感染后治疗效果的重要手段。幽门螺杆菌的检测方法主要包括尿素呼气试验、快速尿素酶试验、粪便抗原检测、血清学检查、内镜检查、组织学病理检查、聚合酶链式反应及细菌培养，每种方法在临床上皆存在优点与局限性。目前，对于幽门螺杆菌检测的“金标准”尚无统一定论，因此本文重点综述当前应用的幽门螺杆菌检测技术，分析其优点和局限性，并指明精准、快速且便捷的检测技术在流行病学调查等方面具备的优势，旨在为临床和研究提供科学的参考依据。

关键词:幽门螺杆菌;感染;检测

Abstract:

Helicobacter pylori induces the incidence and development of many human gastrointestinal diseases via various virulence factors. Due to the lack of commercial vaccine and multi-drug resistance, it is difficult to eradicate this pathogen. Therefore, accurate detection technology is the key to prevent H.pylori infection and an important means of evaluating the treatment effect. The detection methods mainly include urea breath test, rapid urease test, stool antigen test, serological test, endoscopy, histopathologic examination, polymerase chain reaction, and bacteriological culture, each having specific strengths and weaknesses in clinical application. In the absence of an agreed-upon “gold standard” forH.pylori detection, we reviewed H.pylori detection techniques, analyzing their advantages and limitations. Particularly, we summarized the advantages of accurate, rapid, and convenient detection techniques in epidemiological investigation, aiming to provide a scientific reference for clinical application of and research on them.

Key words:Helicobacter pylori;infection;detection