生物竞争排斥对油藏微生物群落结构变化影响

Influence of competitive exclusion on the change of reservoir microbial community structure

摘要:

【目的】海上S油田采用生物竞争排斥技术治理油藏硫化氢产出取得一定成效，本研究通过揭示该技术对油藏环境中微生物群落结构的影响，尝试研究硫化氢治理过程中产生效果差异的因素。【方法】采用高通量测序分析等方法对加入硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐等药剂后，治理效果低效井、高效井及未治理井中不同微生物群落结构变化进行分析。【结果】与低效井和未治理井相比，高效井中的反硝化菌和石油降解菌种类和丰度明显增加，其中石油降解菌增加24.14%，反硝化细菌增加5.23%； Fe²⁺、Zn²⁺等离子的存在对不同井间治理效果差异和微生物群落变化具有一定影响。【结论】海上油田硫化氢治理中，生物竞争排斥技术不仅可以明显降低硫化氢产出，同时对油藏微生物群落环境也影响显著，微生物群落结构分析可作为硫化氢治理效果评价的重要指标，为海上油田硫化氢治理工作提供技术支持。

Abstract:

[Objective] The competitive exclusion principle has been adopted to treat the production of hydrogen sulfide in offshore S oilfield, and some achievements have been made. The study aimed to reveal the influence of competitive exclusion on reservoir microbial community structure and to investigate the factors producing differences in hydrogen sulfide treatment. [Methods] High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the changes of different microbial community structures in low-effective wells, high-effective wells and untreated wells after the addition of nitrate and nitrite. [Results] Compared with the conditions in low-effective wells and untreated wells, the species and abundance of denitrifying bacteria and oil-degrading bacteria in high-effective wells increased by 5.23% and 24.14%, respectively. Moreover, metal ions such as Fe²⁺and Zn²⁺ were found to influence the treatment effects among different wells and the changes of microbial communities. [Conclusion] In offshore oilfields, competitive exclusion could significantly reduce the production of hydrogen sulfide, and impact the microbial community environment of the reservoir. Analysis of the microbial community structure could be used as an important indicator for evaluating the effect of hydrogen sulfide treatment, which provided technical support for treating hydrogen sulfide in offshore oilfields.