副溶血性弧菌免疫逃逸及其可能机制的研究进展

Immune evasion strategy of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its possible mechanisms

摘要:

副溶血性弧菌是全球范围内威胁人体健康和食品安全的食源性致病菌。在感染人体的过程中，副溶血性弧菌通过将其效应蛋白直接注射至宿主细胞中操纵宿主，介导毒力的发挥，并进化出了一套完美的免疫逃逸策略，成功躲避免疫系统的攻击，引起急性肠胃炎、败血症和坏死性筋膜炎等疾病。副溶血性弧菌入侵上皮细胞，使胞内囊泡酸化，在与溶酶体融合之前逃逸到细胞质中，并且限制活性氧的产生，促进其在胞内生存。副溶血性弧菌可以诱导自噬，抑制NLRC4炎症小体介导的caspase-1的激活，还可以通过抑制TAK1激酶，阻止MAPK和NF-κB信号通路的激活，干扰免疫系统激活，借助多种手段共同协作从而达到免疫逃逸。本文系统总结了副溶血性弧菌现已研究的免疫逃逸机制，并对其可能存在的免疫逃逸机制提供了新的见解和方向，对深入了解副溶血性弧菌的致病机理和防控药物靶向位点的选择及研发具有重要意义。

关键词:副溶血性弧菌;免疫逃逸;信号通路;巨噬细胞

Abstract:

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a food-borne pathogen that poses threats to food safety and human health around the world. It infects the host by directly injecting its effector proteins and mediates the exertion of virulence, and has evolved a perfect immune evasion strategy, causing diseases such as acute gastroenteritis, sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. To promote the intracellular survival, V. parahaemolyticus invades epithelial cells and acidifies intracellular vesicles, and then it escapes into the cytoplasm before fusing with lysosomes and limits the production of reactive oxygen species. V. parahaemolyticus can induce autophagy and block caspase-1 activation mediated by the NLRC4 inflammasome. Besides, it can prevent the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways by inhibiting TAK1 kinase to interfere with the immune system and achieve immune escape using a variety of ways. This article systematically summarized the immune evasion strategy of V. parahaemolyticus, which was critical for understanding its pathogenic mechanism, and provided new insights and directions for its possible immune evasion mechanism.

Key words:Vibrio parahaemolyticus;immune evasion;signaling pathway;macrophages