微生物高盐渗透适应策略及其耐盐强化研究进展

Research progress on osmotic pressure adaptation strategy and salt tolerance enhancement of microorganisms under high salinity environment

摘要:

高盐废水因具有硬度高、可生化性差、水质成分复杂等特点,是较难处理的工业废水之一。现有物化处理技术存在运行成本高、处理效率低、二次污染重等诸多瓶颈。耐盐/嗜盐微生物可在高盐环境下进行正常生理代谢,因此,开发经济、高效、可靠的高盐废水生物处理技术有望成为高盐废水处理的主流方向之一。本文系统综述了耐盐/嗜盐微生物盐溶、胞内小分子相容溶质积累、蛋白质稳定和细胞表面稳定等高渗透压适应策略。由于嗜盐微生物存在生长条件苛刻、功能微生物种类稀缺等问题,因此,耐盐微生物在高盐废水处理的未来应用空间更大。最新研究发现强化调控技术(电、光、磁)可提升微生物的高渗透压适应能力,其中电调控技术或是未来高盐废水生物处理的重点研究方向。

Abstract:

High salinity wastewater is one of the most difficult treating industrial wastewater because of its high hardness,poor biodegradability and complex composition.Traditional physical and chemical treatment technologies have many disadvantages,such as high operating cost,low treatment efficiency and serious secondary pollution.Considering halotolerant microorganism and halophilic microorganism can achieve normal physiological metabolism in high salinity environment,exploring economical,efficient and reliable biological treatment technology for high salinity wastewater is expected to become the mainstream of high salinity wastewater treatment.In this review,halotolerant/halophilic microbial strategies,such as salting-in,accumulation of compatible solutes (intracellular small molecules),protein stabilization,and cell surface stabilization,were systematically summarized.However,due to the severe growth conditions of halophilic microorganisms and the scarcity of functional microorganism species,halotolerant microorganisms were more likely to be used in the treatment of high salinity wastewater in the future.Latest research indicated that enhanced regulation technologies (electricity,light and magnetism) could improve the adaptability of microorganisms to high osmotic pressure,and electric regulation technology might be the key research direction of biological treatment for high salinity wastewater in the future.