“微生物-肠-脑”轴介导的宿主食欲调节

"Microbiota-gut-brain" axis-mediated host appetite regulation

摘要:

人和动物的食欲受到中枢神经系统和外周激素的协同调控。近年来，一些研究指出肠道菌群的组成与变化通过多重途径影响宿主的食欲。肠道细菌分泌和产生的大量功能性代谢物如短链脂肪酸、次级胆汁酸和氨基酸衍生物等是其发挥调控作用的重要媒介物质。此外，肠道菌群还能够影响消化系统营养感知、肠迷走神经信号投递、肠道激素分泌等，这些也都会参与食欲和进食调节。在明确细菌调控食欲的作用机制后靶向调控和重组肠道微生物可能是改善宿主食欲的一种新策略，有助于厌食症、暴食症等相关疾病的诊治。

Abstract:

The central nervous system and peripheral hormones jointly regulate the appetite of humans and animals.In recent years,it has been verified that the composition and changes of gut microbiota affect the host՚s appetite through multiple pathways.Intestinal bacteria can secrete and produce a large number of functional metabolites,such as short-chain fatty acids,secondary bile acids,and amino acid derivatives.In addition,gut microbiota can also affect the nutritional perception of the digestive system,delivery of intestinal vagus signals,secretion of intestinal hormones,among others,which are related to the appetite.Therefore,it is new strategy for improving host՚s appetite to clarify the mechanism of bacteria's regulation of appetite and perform targeted regulation and reorganization of gut microorganisms,which is helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of anorexia,bulimia,and other related diseases.