接种AMF和DSE对蛋白桑提质增产效应的影响

Effects of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophyte on the quality and yield of Morus alba

摘要:

【目的】探究丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi，AMF)和深色有隔内生真菌(dark septate endophyte，DSE)对蛋白桑(Morus alba)产量及品质的影响。【方法】采用盆栽试验，以丛枝菌根真菌和深色有隔内生真菌为微生物处理菌剂，通过设置单接种DSE、单接种AMF和联合接种DSE+AMF 3种不同微生物组合研究对蛋白桑生长、产量和品质等影响，探索微生物菌剂对生态饲料作物蛋白桑的经济潜力。【结果】与未接菌处理(CK)相比，3种接菌处理均能显著促进蛋白桑地上部生长，提高地上部生物量，增加幅度为156.4%‒196.6%；接菌微生物提高了蛋白桑的光合速率，增加了植物叶片氮、磷、钾的累积，提高蛋白桑的产量。接种微生物会使蛋白桑叶粗蛋白含量提升，降低饲料纤维营养价值，从而综合改善蛋白桑品质。微生物处理能够显著增加蛋白桑的叶茎比，提升了蛋白桑叶片的比例，优化生长结构，不同微生物处理对蛋白桑叶片各饲用品质指标的影响较其相应茎部更为明显，可以根据桑叶和茎秆的蛋白含量进行合理搭配获得饲料不同品级，从整体水平上提升蛋白桑地上部植株的饲用品质。接种微生物均对蛋白桑饲用品质等级得到极大提升，显著降低了酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量，降低幅度分别为18.4%‒34.6%和41.0%‒45.4%；接菌处理各蛋白桑的相对饲用价值范围在220.0‒241.5，显著提高0.8‒1.0倍，且维生素C含量、含糖量和生物碱含量等均有增加。【结论】采用主成分分析方法，按照对蛋白桑产量和品质的综合影响大小的贡献排序，依次为：AMF+DSE>DSE>AMF>CK，DSE可作为采煤沉陷区生物修复中经济作物蛋白桑的优选微生物菌剂，能促进蛋白桑的产量并提升品质。

Abstract:

[Objective] To investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophyte (DSE) on the yield and quality of Morus alba.[Methods] Pot experiment was conducted,and AMF and DSE were used as bacteria agents for microbial treatment.The effects of AMF and DSE on the growth,yield,and quality of M.alba and the economic potential of microbial agents on the ecological feed crop M.alba were explored by setting up three different microbial combinations (DSE alone,AMF alone,and combined inoculation of DSE+AMF).[Results] Compared with the control check (CK),the three treatments with different bacteria agents significantly promoted the aboveground growth of M.alba and increased the aboveground biomass,with an increase range of 156.4%‒196.6%.Microorganisms with the inoculation of bacteria enhanced the photosynthetic rate of M.alba,and increased the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium of the leaves,thereby increasing the yield of M.alba.In addition,microorganisms with the inoculation of bacteria increased the crude protein content of leaves and reduced the nutritional value of feed fiber,thus comprehensively improving the quality of M.alba.Microbial treatments significantly increased the leaf-to-stem ratio of M.alba,and increased the proportion of leaves in M.alba,so as to optimize the growth structure.The effect of microbial treatments on the forage quality indexes of M.alba leaves was more significant than that of M.alba stems.Different grades of forage quality were obtained by rationally matching the protein content of leaves and stems,thus improving the overall forage quality of the aboveground part of M.alba.Microorganisms with the inoculation of bacteria greatly improved the forage quality of M.alba,and significantly reduced the content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber by 18.4%‒34.6% and 41.0%‒45.4%,respectively.In terms of the M.alba with the inoculation of bacteria,the relative forage value ranged from 220.0 to 241.5,significantly increasing by 0.8 to 1.0 times,and the content of vitamin C,sugar,and alkaloids increased as well.[Conclusion] By the principal component analysis,the order of the comprehensive effect of different bacteria agents on the yield and quality of M.alba was:AMF+DSE>DSE>AMF>CK.DSE,as the bacteria agent for microbial treatment,could optimize M.alba,the economic crops,in the bioremediation of coal mining subsidence areas,and promote the yield and quality of M.alba.