畜禽粪便中抗生素抗性基因的分布特征及消减技术研究进展

Distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock manure and the reduction techniques: a review

摘要:

随着集约化畜禽养殖业的不断发展，兽用抗生素的长期使用导致畜禽粪便抗生素抗性基因污染日益严重，对生态环境和人类健康造成严重危害。如何有效消减畜禽粪便中的抗生素抗性基因成为当前研究热点。本文系统总结了畜禽粪便中抗生素抗性基因的产生途径、分布和影响因素，并阐述了好氧堆肥、厌氧消化及其强化工艺消减畜禽粪便抗生素抗性基因的研究进展，根据现有工艺研究存在的问题展望了今后的重点研究方向，为畜禽粪便中抗生素抗性基因的消减提供理论基础和技术支撑。

关键词:畜禽粪便;抗生素抗性基因;生物技术;好氧堆肥;厌氧消化

Abstract:

As the intensive livestock breeding industry develops, veterinary antibiotics have been frequently used, allowing the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock manure. These genes pose great risks to ecological environment and human health. Thus, it has been a research hotspot to reduce antibiotic resistance genes in the livestock manure. This paper summarizes the source, distribution and influencing factors of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock manure, as well as the removal of antibiotic resistance genes from livestock manure by aerobic composting, anaerobic digestion, and their enhanced processes. Finally, in view of the problems in the available techniques, we summed up the future research directions, hoping to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the removal of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock manure.

Key words:livestock manure;antibiotic resistance genes;biotechnology;aerobic composting;anaerobic digestion