微藻在废水处理和生物质回收再利用方面的研究进展

Application of microalgae in wastewater treatment and biomass recycling

摘要:

随着经济的发展和人口的增加，环境污染和水资源短缺已经成为不可避免的全球性问题。基于微藻的废水处理技术不仅可以净化废水、解决环境污染问题，还可以利用废水中的营养元素合成生物质，现如今这种技术已经受到越来越多的关注。为了进一步提高废水处理效果、降低废水处理成本，有必要了解微藻去除废水中营养物质和污染物的机理，开发下游低成本收获技术，提升微藻高价值副产物的生产。本文综述了微藻去除碳、氮、磷、重金属、抗生素和有机物的机理和影响因素，总结了微藻的不同收获方式和微藻生物质在各个领域的应用。最后，分析了不同微藻共培养体系和微藻固定化技术的优缺点，并展望了微藻废水处理技术未来的发展方向。

关键词:微藻;废水处理;机制;生物质;共培养

Abstract:

Amid economic and population growth, environmental pollution and water shortage have become problems faced around the world. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment can purify wastewater to tackle environmental pollution. In addition, the microalgae also use nutrients in wastewater to synthesize biomass. Thus, the technique has been popular. For the sake of high efficiency and low cost in wastewater treatment, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism by which microalgae remove nutrients and pollutants in wastewater, to develop low-cost downstream harvesting technology, and to improve the production of high-value by-products of microalgae. In this paper, the mechanism by which microalgae remove carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, antibiotics, and organic matter and the influencing factors were reviewed, and the different harvesting methods of microalgae and the current applications of biomass in various fields were summarized. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of different microalgal co-culture systems and microalgal immobilization techniques were analyzed, and the development of microalgae-based wastewater technology was predicted.

Key words:microalgae;wastewater treatment;mechanism;biomass;co-culture