好氧反硝化细菌碳氮代谢特点及途径的研究进展

Research progress in the characteristics and pathways of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of aerobic denitrifying bacteria

摘要:

好氧反硝化作用的发现打破了反硝化只能在严格厌氧条件下进行的传统认知，为生物脱氮提供了一条新的途径，已成为近些年的研究热点。碳源可为好氧反硝化过程提供能量和电子供体，其代谢难易程度直接影响着好氧反硝化细菌的脱氮效率，因此有必要明确碳源在好氧反硝化脱氮过程中的代谢机理。基于此，本文阐述了好氧反硝化细菌的种类及其对硝态氮与亚硝态氮的代谢途径；系统分析了不同好氧反硝化细菌对碳氮源代谢的差异与代谢机理；综合分析了碳代谢差异对好氧反硝化脱氮过程的影响，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望，旨在深入理解好氧反硝化细菌同时去除碳氮的机理，为提高废水生物脱氮除碳效率提供理论依据。

关键词:好氧反硝化细菌;碳代谢;氮代谢;机理;途径

Abstract:

The discovery of aerobic denitrification has broken the traditional cognition that the denitrification only occurs under strictly anaerobic conditions. The aerobic denitrification provides a new way for biological denitrification and becomes a research hotspot in recent years. Carbon source can provide energy and electron donors for aerobic denitrification. The metabolism of carbon sources directly influences the nitrogen removal efficiency of aerobic denitrifying bacteria. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the metabolic mechanism of carbon sources during aerobic denitrification. In this review, we summarized the known aerobic denitrifying bacteria and elaborated their metabolism pathways for nitrate and nitrite. Further, we systematically compared the mechanisms of different aerobic denitrifying bacteria in metabolizing carbon and nitrogen sources and comprehensively analyzed the effects of carbon metabolism differences on aerobic denitrification. Finally, we prospected the future research directions. With this review, we aim to deeply understand the mechanism of aerobic denitrifying bacteria in simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the efficiencies of biological method for removing nitrogen and carbon from wastewater.

Key words:aerobic denitrifying bacteria;carbon metabolism;nitrogen metabolism;mechanism;pathway