炎症小体在机体血脑屏障损伤中的作用机制研究进展

Role of inflammasome in blood-brain barrier injury: a review

摘要:

血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier，BBB)是一种天然的结构和功能屏障，可抑制病原体的进入并严格控制分子进入脑实质，完整的血脑屏障对于维持中枢神经系统内稳态至关重要。这一屏障功能是由特殊的多细胞结构决定的，每一种组成的细胞类型对血脑屏障的完整性都有不可或缺的贡献。炎症小体(inflammasome)是先天免疫系统最重要的组成部分之一，是一种多蛋白复合体。当病原侵入或机体产生过度免疫反应时，能够激活炎症小体并介导大量细胞因子以及趋化因子分泌。细胞因子及趋化因子表达上调会引起血脑屏障破坏，导致病原突破血脑屏障进入中枢神经系统，引发机体各种脑内疾病。本文就感染性疾病与非感染性疾病这两种情况下，对炎症小体介导机体血脑屏障的损伤进行综述，并列举了当前针对血脑屏障损伤的不同修复方式。

Abstract:

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural structural and functional barrier, which can inhibit the entry of pathogens and control the entry of molecules into the brain parenchyma. An intact BBB is essential to maintain the homeostasis of the central nervous system. The function of this barrier is determined by its special multicellular structure. Each cell type has an indispensable contribution to the BBB integrity. Inflammasome known as a complex protein is a key component of the innate immune system and mediates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-1α, which plays a critical role in the excessive inflammatory response. The up-regulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines results in the destruction of BBB. As a result, the pathogen breaks through BBB and enters the central nervous system, which finally causes brain diseases. In this paper, we reviewed infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases associated with the inflammasome-mediated injury of BBB.