我国大蒜种质资源携带的病毒种类及分布

The species and distribution of viruses in the garlic germplasm resources of China

摘要:

病毒感染导致大蒜产量下降，品质变劣。大蒜种质资源的收集、监测和安全保存对大蒜产量、抗病性和品质的遗传改良具有重要意义。【目的】检测我国大蒜资源中病毒的携带和分布情况。【方法】采用2种多重反转录聚合酶链式反应(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)方法对689份大蒜种质资源中的7种病毒的分布进行了检测。【结果】研究表明，青葱X病毒属病毒[包括GarV-A、GarV-B、GarV-C、GarV-D、GarV-E、GarV-X、葱病毒X(SHVX)]携带率最高(98.69%)，接着依次是洋葱黄矮病毒(OYDV，90.13%)、大蒜螨传丝状病毒(GMBFV，71.12%)、韭菜黄条病毒(LYSV，50.65%)、葱潜隐病毒(SLV，49.20%)、马铃薯Y病毒(PVY，41.94%)和大蒜普通潜隐病毒(GarCLV，32.08%)。其中有27份资源(3.92%)含有7种病毒，122份(17.71%)含有6种病毒，190份(27.58%)携带5种病毒，150份(21.77%)携带4种病毒，129份(18.72%)含有3种病毒，62份(9.00%)含有2种病毒，7份(1.02%)只携带1种病毒，而有2份资源(0.29%)没有检测到病毒。此外，大蒜资源种植世代与病毒种类数呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，茎尖培养可以有效地减少或清除病毒。【结论】本研究明确了我国大蒜种质资源中7种主要病毒的分布情况，为大蒜种质资源的安全保存提供了理论参考，也为大蒜的抗病毒育种提供了基因资源。

Abstract:

Virus infection leads to severe yield reduction and quality deterioration in garlic production. It is of great significance to collect, monitor, and conserve garlic germplasm resources for genetic improvement of garlic yield, virus resistance, and quality. [Objective] To reveal the virus-carrying status and distribution of garlic resources in China. [Methods] We employed two multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) methods to evaluate the distribution of seven virus species among 689 garlic germplasm accessions. [Results]Allexivirus[GarV-A, GarV-B, GarV-C, GarV-D, GarV-E, GarV-X, and shallot virus X (ShVX)] had the highest detection rate (98.69%), followed by onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV, 90.13%), garlic mite-borne filamentous virus (GMBFV, 71.12%), leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV, 50.65%), shallot latent virus (SLV, 49.20%), potato Y virus (PVY, 41.94%), and garlic common latent virus (GarCLV, 32.08%). Among these garlic accessions, 27 (3.92%), 122 (17.71%), 190 (27.58%), 150 (21.77%), 129 (18.72%), 62 (9.00%), and seven (1.02%) accessions carried seven, six, five, four, three, two, and one virus species, respectively, while two (0.29%) accessions did not carry any virus. In addition, there was a significantly positive correlation between the planting generations of garlic resources and the number of virus species (P<0.05). Shoot tip culture can effectively reduce or eliminate viruses. [Conclusion] This study reveals the distribution of seven main virus species in garlic germplasm resources in China, providing a theoretical basis for the safe preservation of garlic germplasm resources and enriching the gene resources for the breeding of antiviral garlic germplasm.