基于肠-皮肤轴的益生菌改善脱发机制研究进展

Progress in the mechanism of probiotics in alleviating hair loss based on the gut-skin axis theory

摘要:

随着人们生活压力的提升，许多男性在中年时期出现脱发，严重者甚至会出现斑秃、全秃现象，其中以雄激素脱发最为常见。雄激素脱发的发生主要由于头皮中睾酮(testosterone,T)及其代谢产物二氢睾酮(dihydrotestosterone,DHT)含量较多，其主要机制为毛囊中5α-还原酶将游离的T转化为活性更高的DHT，导致雄激素水平过高。雄激素水平过高会引起毛囊微小化，使毛发生长周期变短而产生脱发。基于肠-皮肤轴的理论，越来越多的研究表明益生菌(probiotics)能够改善或治疗脱发症状。通过益生菌调节肠道菌群的平衡，可促进体内毛发生长因子的表达和毛囊细胞的生长，改善由于压力过大或雄激素水平过高等因素引起的脱发症状。本文主要探讨益生菌与毛发生长的相关性，通过其对神经系统、免疫系统和内分泌系统的调节作用，对益生菌改善脱发的功能和机理进行综述，以期为研发改善脱发的食品和药物提供理论依据。

Abstract:

The increase in people’s life pressure makes many men in the middle age suffer from hair loss, even alopecia areata or alopecia totalis, in which androgenetic alopecia is the most common. The occurrence of androgenetic alopecia is mainly due to the high content of testosterone (T) and its metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the scalp. The 5α-reductase in the hair follicle converts free T to active DHT, resulting in excessive androgen which can make hair follicles more microscopic and shorten the hair growth cycle to cause hair loss. A growing number of studies based on the gut-skin axis theory have demonstrated that probiotics can alleviate or treat hair loss. Probiotics can regulate the balance of intestinal flora and promote the expression of hair growth factors and the growth of hair follicle cells to alleviate the hair loss caused by excessive pressure or androgen. This paper mainly discusses the association between probiotics and hair growth. Focusing on the regulatory effects of probiotics on nervous system, immune system, and endocrine system, we reviewed the functions and action mechanism of probiotics, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of food and drugs alleviating hair loss.