昆虫抗病毒侵染的分子机制研究进展

Progress in insect resistance to viral invasion

摘要:

昆虫缺乏类似于高等动物的获得性免疫系统，仅依靠体内的先天免疫系统(体液免疫和细胞免疫)抵抗病原体的侵染。体液免疫是昆虫主要的抗病毒防御机制，Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)、免疫缺陷(immunodeficiency,IMD)、核因子kB(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-kB)、Janus激酶-信号转导和转录激活因子(Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription,JAK-STAT)等信号通路在昆虫抗病毒先天免疫反应中起着重要作用。此外，昆虫体内的DNA损伤反应(DNA damage response,DDR)也是一种有效的抗病毒机制，通过诱导细胞周期停滞、引发细胞凋亡或衰老等细胞信号通路，对昆虫起到保护作用。本文主要对昆虫抗病毒先天免疫反应中的JAK-STAT信号通路及DDR途径进行综述，探讨病毒与昆虫之间的相互作用，不仅有助于深入了解昆虫抗病毒侵染的分子机制，也为抗病毒机制寻找新的靶点奠定基础。

Abstract:

Insects lack the acquired immune system in higher animals and rely on the innate immune system (humoral immunity and cellular immunity) to combat pathogen infection. Humoral immunity is a major antiviral mechanism in insects, involving Toll-like receptor (TLR), immunodeficiency (IMD), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathways. These pathways play an essential role in the antiviral invasion. Additionally, DNA damage response (DDR) is also an effective mechanism of antiviral defense in insects. It can block a series of cell signaling pathways by initiating cell cycle arrest, triggering cell apoptosis or aging in the host. We summarized the roles of JAK-STAT signaling pathway and DDR in the antiviral invasion of insects. Understanding the interactions between pathogens and insects can help us to not only understand the molecular mechanism of insects blocking viral invasion but also lay a foundation for us to find new targets for antiviral invasion.