海洋环境下腐蚀微生物研究进展

Advances on the microorganisms causing corrosion in the marine environment

摘要:

海洋环境的复杂多变性使海洋腐蚀成为一个日益严重的全球性问题。海洋腐蚀在造成巨大经济损失的同时，还带来了严重的环境污染以及人员安全问题，使其成为海洋经济发展中必须要解决的关键问题。据统计海洋环境中20%的腐蚀由微生物引起，腐蚀微生物（microbiologically influenced corrosion，MIC）以生物膜的形式存在于金属表面，其主要包括细菌、古菌、真菌及藻类等。基于对以往研究的综述，本文总结了这4类海洋微生物的研究进展，阐述了海洋腐蚀环境中腐蚀微生物的种类、群落组成影响因素及其作用机理等内容；同时，文中概述了微生物对金属材料促进腐蚀或抑制腐蚀的影响因素及其作用机制，并归纳了当前海洋环境中微生物腐蚀的防治方法；最后，本研究对海洋环境下微生物腐蚀研究及防治的发展趋势进行了论述，以期为腐蚀机制的研究与防腐工作的实施提供参考。

Abstract:

The complexity and variability of marine environment make marine corrosion an increasingly serious global problem. Marine corrosion not only causes huge economic losses but also brings serious environmental pollution and personnel safety problems, becoming a key problem that must be solved for marine economic development. According to statistics, 20% of corrosion in the marine environment is caused by microorganisms, which exist on metal surfaces in the form of biofilm, mainly including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and algae. This paper reviewed the research progress in the four types of marine microorganisms, involving the species, community structure influencing factors, and functioning mechanisms. Furthermore, we elucidated the influencing factors and summarized the mechanisms of the microorganisms to promote or inhibit corrosion of metal materials and introduced the prevention and control methods of microbial corrosion in the marine environment. Finally, we discussed the trend of research and prevention on microbial corrosion in marine environment, aiming to provide reference for the study of corrosion mechanism and the implementation of corrosion prevention work.