柱[5]芳烃衍生物对细菌抗菌活性及生物被膜抑制的研究进展

Research progress in antibacterial activity and biofilm inhibition of pillar[5]arene derivatives

摘要:

病原体的耐药性很强，其生物被膜（biofilm，BF）的形成是导致耐药性的主要原因之一。生物被膜一旦形成，根除难度很大，会导致患者持久性感染，引发多种慢性疾病，并给全球医疗体系带来沉重负担。柱芳烃（pillararenes）是一类具有独特柱状结构的新型大环化合物，由于其在构建功能化和生物活性材料开发中的潜在应用引起人们广泛的关注。此外，它们在预防和控制抗生素耐药性（antimicrobial resistance，AMR）方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了柱[5]芳烃衍生物对细菌病原菌的抗菌活性，并进一步揭示其在抗菌活性中的抑菌机制，尤其是对生物被膜的抑制作用。在此基础上，探索新的抑菌杀菌策略，用非传统药物以解决抗生素耐药性问题，以期为开发新的抗菌剂防控生物被膜或治疗细菌感染提供理论依据。

Abstract:

Pathogens exhibit strong antibiotic resistance, a major cause of which is biofilm (BF) formation. The eradication of bacteria is extremely difficult once biofilms have formed as biofilms can lead to persistent infections in patients and trigger a variety of chronic diseases, which cause a heavy burden on the global healthcare system. Pillararenes are novel macrocyclic compounds with unique pillar-shaped architectures, which have attracted wide attention owing to their potential applications in the development of functionalized and bioactive materials. In addition, they have broad application prospects in the prevention and control of antibiotic resistance. This article reviewed the activities and mechanisms of pillar[5]arene derivatives against bacterial pathogens, especially the inhibitory effect on biofilms. On this basis, researchers can explore new antibacterial and bactericidal strategies and employ non-traditional methods to solve antibiotic resistance. This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new agents to control biofilm or treat bacterial infections.