百里酚和香芹酚改变肠道微生物组成抑制羔羊腹泻的作用研究

Mechanism of thymol and carvacrol altering gut microbial composition to inhibit diarrhea in lambs

摘要:

【目的】本试验研究百里酚和香芹酚对滩羊羔羊腹泻、肠道短链脂肪酸和微生物组成的影响，旨在为利用植物提取物手段治疗羔羊腹泻提供可用的添加剂和理论基础。【方法】本研究选择腹泻发病时间为2-3 d的10只腹泻羔羊，随机分为2组，分为腹泻羔羊组（CON组）和百里酚和香芹酚处理组（SCAT组），试验期间SCAT组羔羊补充200 mg/只/d的百里酚和香芹酚1：1混合品，处理时间为7 d。【结果】百里酚和香芹酚处理能够显著提高腹泻羔羊日增重，降低羔羊腹泻指数和腹泻率（P<0.05），降低血清促炎因子表达水平（P<0.05），提高肠道短链脂肪酸（short-chain fatty acids，SCFA）丁酸浓度（P<0.05）；同时百里酚和香芹酚能够改变腹泻羔羊肠道微生物组成，提高肠道中双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteriaceae）和阿克曼氏菌（Akkermansiaceae）的相对丰度，降低肠杆菌科（Enterobacteriaceae）相关菌的相对丰度。【结论】百里酚和香芹酚能够提高肠道有益菌相对丰度和有益代谢物丁酸的浓度，降低致病菌相对丰度，从而有效抑制羔羊腹泻，可作为新型替代抗生素产品研究和开发。

Abstract:

[Objective] To investigate the effect of thymol and carvacrol on diarrhea, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and microbial composition of Tan lambs, thus to provide plant extracts-derived additives for the treatment of lamb diarrhea, and lay a theoretical basis for the treatment. [Methods] A total of ten diarrhea lambs (diarrhea had lasted 2-3 days) were randomized into diarrhea group (CON) and thymol and carvacrol group (SCAT). The lambs in the SCAT group were supplemented with a mixture of thymol and carvacrol (1:1) at 200 mg/d for 7 days. [Results] Thymol and carvacrol improved the daily weight grain, decreased the diarrhea index, diarrhea rate (P<0.05), and concentration of serum pro-inflammatory factors (P<0.05), and increased the concentration of intestinal butyric acid (P<0.05) of the diarrhea lambs. Thymol and carvonol also changed the gut microbial composition of diarrhea lambs, raised the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and Akkermansiaceae, and decreased the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae.[Conclusion] Thymol and carvonol can improve the relative abundance of gut probiotics and butyric acid concentration and reduce the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria, therefore, it can effectively inhibit lamb diarrhea, and can be used as a new type of anti-antibody product for research and development.