微生物异化硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐产铵研究进展

Research progress in ammonium production from microbial dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite

摘要:

异化硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原产铵是氮转化附属途径，为生态系统中氮的重复利用提供了依据，已成为近年来的研究热点。据报道，氮源的种类及浓度不同异化还原产铵的发生机制及强度具有差异性，决定着微生物产铵的效率，因此，有必要明确不同氮源异化还原产铵的代谢机制。本文详细论述了参与硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐异化还原产铵过程的相关微生物种类、产铵途径及其机理；系统分析了单一氮源和混合氮源对不同微生物产铵的影响和差异，比较了放线菌与其他微生物产铵的优势，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望，旨在为微生物异化硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原产铵提供理论基础。

关键词:异化硝酸盐还原产铵;微生物;发生途径;氮源

Abstract:

The dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite to produce ammonium is an accessory pathway of nitrogen transformation, which provides a basis for the reuse of nitrogen in the ecosystem and has become a research hotspot in recent years. According to the available reports, the occurrence mechanism and intensity of ammonium production by dissimilatory reduction of different nitrogen sources are different, which determines the efficiency of microbial ammonium production. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the metabolic mechanism of dissimilatory reduction of different nitrogen sources. This paper introduces the species of microorganisms involved in the dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite and elaborates on the ammonium production pathways and mechanisms. Further, we analyzed the effects of single and mixed nitrogen sources on microbial ammonium production, summarized the advantages of ammonium production by actinomycetes compared with other microorganisms, and prospected the future research directions. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the application of microbial dissimilatory nitrate and nitrite reduction to ammonium.

Key words:dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium;microorganisms;way of occurrence;nitrogen source