药物类新污染物的微生物降解机制研究进展

Progresses in mechanisms of microbial degradation of new pollutant pharmaceuticals

摘要:

环境微生物作为自然界中主要的分解者蕴含着丰富的遗传和代谢多样性，在有机污染物降解中发挥着重要作用。药物被持续不断地释放到环境中，其环境暴露、环境风险和对人体健康的潜在影响已得到广泛关注。研究药物在环境中的微生物降解过程对于药物的环境命运、药物的环境风险评估和药物污染去除技术的开发等具有重要价值。本文重点综述了目前环境中常检出药物的微生物降解途径及其分子机理，总结了目前药物微生物降解研究领域的进展，最后探讨了药物的微生物降解领域未来的研究趋势。

关键词:环境微生物;生物降解;新污染物;药物

Abstract:

Environmental microorganisms are the primary decomposers in nature, and their genetic and metabolic diversity make them crucial for breaking down organic pollutants. With the continuous release of pharmaceuticals into the environment, their potential effects on human health and environmental risks have become a topic of concern. Thus, understanding the biodegradation process of pharmaceuticals in the environment is essential for assessing their environmental fate and developing removal technology for pharmaceutical pollutants. This paper aims to focus on the microbial degradation pathways and molecular mechanisms of frequently occurred pharmaceuticals in the environment. We also summarized the current progresses in the field of microbial pharmaceutical degradation and discussed the potential research directions.

Key words:environmental microorganism;biodegradation;new pollutant;pharmaceutical