组学视角下养殖动物消化道微生物组结构与功能研究进展

Research advances in livestock digestive tract microbiome

摘要:

养殖动物消化道中含有大量的微生物，不仅参与动物对营养物质的消化和吸收，还对宿主生长发育及免疫起重要调节作用。动物消化道微生物组研究是目前国内外的热点领域，取得了一系列重要研究进展。深入了解养殖动物消化道微生物组的结构与功能，将为今后调控和应用消化道微生物、提高动物生产性能、改善动物胃肠道健康和实现绿色健康养殖奠定理论基础。本文以4种代表性养殖动物(牛、羊、猪和鸡)为主体，对组学视角下其消化道微生物群落结构、功能等研究进展进行总结和分析；并对未来研究方向进行展望。

Abstract:

The livestock digestive tract is colonized by a large number of microbes, which not only affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also play an important role in the regulation of the animal immunity, growth, and development. The study of livestock digestive tract microbiome is a hot research field worldwide, and a series of important achievements have been made. Understanding the structure and function digestive tract microbiome in the animals will lay a theoretical foundation for manipulation and utilization of gut microbes to increase production performance, improve gastrointestinal health, and thus promote a green and healthy livestock industry. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the recent achievements on the structure and function of the digestive tract microbial community in four representative farm animals (cattle, sheep, pigs and chickens). We also discussed future research directions in this field.