覆土栽培食用菌的微生物病害防控

Prevention and control of microbial diseases in soil-covered cultivation of edible fungi

摘要:

微生物病害问题会造成覆土栽培食用菌的产量和质量严重下降。防控微生物病害一直是食用菌研究和产业发展关注的热点，但常规的防控措施均存在局限性，尚难以在生产实践中有效地防控病害。本文列举了近年来常规的生物和非生物方法在覆土栽培食用菌微生物病害防控中的应用，对其特点进行了总结，并综述了近年来覆土栽培食用菌土壤微生物群落多样性研究的进展。基于此，提出了应用合成土壤微生物组来防控食用菌微生物病害的新策略，对构建和应用合成土壤微生物组面临的挑战和前景进行展望。这将有助于有效地防控覆土栽培食用菌的微生物病害和维系土壤健康。

关键词:食用菌;覆土栽培;微生物病害防控;合成微生物群落

Abstract:

Microbial diseases can greatly reduce the yield and quality of edible fungi cultivated with the soil-covered mode. Prevention and control of these microbial diseases is kept focused in both research and industrial development of edible fungi. Nevertheless, the drawbacks of regular techniques limit their practical applications to effectively prevent and control microbial diseases. In this review, we summarize recent applications, as well as the pros and cons, of regular biological and non-biological techniques for preventing and controlling microbial diseases in the soil-covered cultivation of edible fungi. We also review recent research progresses on soil microbial community diversity in the soil-covered cultivation of edible fungi. Based on these progresses, we propose a new strategy that applies a synthetic soil microbial community to prevent and control microbial diseases in the soil-covered cultivation of edible fungi. Moreover, the challenges and prospects to constructing and applying a synthetic soil microbial community are present. This review contributes to the efficient prevention and control of microbial diseases in the cultivation of edible fungi and the maintenance of soil health.

Key words:edible fungi;soil covering cultivation;prevention and control of microbial diseases;synthetic microbial community