抗逆放线菌的多样性、功能特性及其在环境修复中的应用

Diversity, functional characteristics, and environmental remediation potential of stress-tolerant actinomycetes

摘要:

放线菌(actinomycetes)是一类可生存于各种极端环境的特殊菌群，具备较强的抗逆特性。其种类丰富，功能多样，适应性强，已被广泛用于抗生素开发、生物防治和环境修复等领域。放线菌可调节土壤微生物群落结构、介导营养元素转化和植物吸收、催化有机污染物降解及重金属的氧化还原过程，该特性赋予其在土壤改良、地力维持和污染物去除等方面广阔的环境应用前景。本文综述了放线菌的多样性、环境分布以及放线菌对环境改良和污染物去除的特性与机制，结合在环境修复领域的应用现状，总结了放线菌修复技术的优势及发展方向。

Abstract:

Actinomycetes are a special group of bacteria that have strong tolerance and can live in extreme environments. With rich species, diverse functions, and strong adaptability, actinomycetes have been widely used in antibiotic production, biological control, and environmental remediation. Actinomycetes can regulate soil microbial community structure, mediate nutrient transformation and plant assimilation, and catalyze organic pollutant degradation and heavy metal redox process.These roles endow actinomycetes with great application potentials in soil improvement, fertility maintenance, and pollutant removal. This paper introduced the diversity and environmental distribution of actinomycetes and summarized the characteristics and mechanisms of actinomycetes in environmental improvement and pollutant removal. Furthermore, we reviewed their application progress in environmental remediation and summarized the advantages and development direction of actinomycetes-based remediation technology.