二氧化碳生物转化制甲烷技术研究进展

Research progress in bio-conversion of carbon dioxide to methane

摘要:

二氧化碳减量化与转化是当前业界关注及着手解决的重要问题，将二氧化碳作为资源转化为甲烷，有利于环境与社会的可持续发展。本文在分析二氧化碳转化为甲烷技术的基础上，重点介绍了国内外二氧化碳生物转化的研究与进展；总结了二氧化碳生物转化途径及其影响因素，分析了氢营养型、甲基营养型生物转化甲烷机理和生物转化能量来源；探讨了不同产甲烷菌微生物电合成产甲烷和氢气研究进展，总结了微生物电合成法、光合作用法和厌氧消化法等二氧化碳生物转化技术在反应器设计、电极材料选择、工艺条件优化及试验结果评估等方面取得的进展及存在的问题。重点就微生物电合成法的未来研究提出了增强微生物活性、提升氢气利用率、加快高效电极开发、提高能量效率、加强工业废气试验研究和强化光能转化等研究重点和发展方向，同时加强计算机模拟等交叉学科协同创新是促进二氧化碳生物转化技术进步的新方向。

Abstract:

Carbon dioxide reduction and utilization is a key issue attracting increasing attention at present. Using carbon dioxide as the resource for the production of methane facilitates the environmental and social sustainability. By reviewing the studies of different technologies for the bio-conversion of carbon dioxide to methane, we summarized the pathways and influencing factors of carbon dioxide bio-conversion and the mechanisms and energy sources of the bio-conversion conducted by methylotrophic methanogens and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Furthermore, we reviewed the studies about microbial electrosynthesis by different methanogens. We elaborated on the progress and existing problems in the reactor design, electrode material selection, parameter optimization, and result evaluation of carbon dioxide bio-conversion technologies, including microbial electrosynthesis, photosynthetic biohybrid systems, and anaerobic digestion. In particular, we put forward that enhancing microbial activity, improving hydrogen utilization efficiency, accelerating efficient electrode development, increasing energy efficiency, strengthening research on waste gas-stream, and reinforcing photo-electricity conversion can be the priorities and directions of the future research for improving microbial electrosynthesis. Moreover, this review deduced that strengthening interdisciplinary collaborative innovation, such as computer-based simulation, would be a new direction to promote the advances in carbon dioxide bio-conversion technology.