噬菌体作为指示病毒的应用研究进展

Research progress in the application of bacteriophages as indicator viruses

摘要:

噬菌体是一类专性侵染细菌的病毒，在形态大小、结构组成等生物特性上与高等生物病毒具有相似性，同时噬菌体实验室操作技术简单，安全性高，在培养、计数、稳定性和灵敏度等方面具有非常大的优势。因此，将噬菌体作为指示生物模拟或替代高等生物病毒的研究和应用已开始受到国内外研究人员的关注，并取得一定进展。本文论述了噬菌体作为指示病毒的优势，并对噬菌体在病毒过滤去除效果评价、消毒效果评价、病毒传播规律研究、环境及水质监测等领域的研究和应用进行了总结分析，综述了噬菌体在各领域应用的可行性证据、应用案例及难点问题，并结合噬菌体作为指示病毒的不足之处，对进一步以噬菌体作为指示病毒的研究和应用提出建议和展望。

Abstract:

Bacteriophages, a group of viruses that infect bacteria, have common features with eukaryotic viruses in the biological properties, such as morphology, size, and structural composition. The laboratory operation on bacteriophages is simple and has high safety, which demonstrates great advantages in culture, counting, stability, and susceptibility. Therefore, the research and application of bacteriophages as the indicator viruses for simulating or substituting eukaryotic viruses has attracted wide attention with certain progress achieved. This paper introduces the advantages of bacteriophages as indicator viruses and summarizes the feasibility evidence, cases, and difficult problems of bacteriophages application in the virus removal evaluation, disinfection effect evaluation, research on virus transmission patterns, and environment and water quality monitoring. In addition, considering the shortcomings, this paper puts forward suggestions and prospects for the research and application of bacteriophages as indicator viruses in the future.