裂解性多糖单加氧酶及其应用研究进展

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase and its application

摘要:

裂解多糖单加氧酶(lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases, LPMOs)是近几年新发现的氧化酶，该酶在生物质酶解方面发挥着重要的作用，因此，被描述为生物质解构助推器。LPMOs与底物的结合具有特异性，催化机理尚未完全阐明。虽然关于LPMOs的研究很多，但真正投入到工业生物质转化中的却很少，这对它们的表达、调控和应用都提出了挑战。本文首先系统综述了LPMOs的发现与分类、催化机制、构效关系，其次探讨了LPMOs的活性测定方法及重组表达技术，最后协同综述了LPMOs在不同领域的应用并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。本综述有助于加深对LPMOs的系统认识，推动LPMOs及其酶工程的研究，以期为LPMOs的研究和应用提供参考。

Abstract:

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are newly discovered copper ion-dependent oxidases, which play an important role in the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. Therefore, LPMOs have been described as biomass deconstruction boosters. LPMOs bind to specific substrates, and their catalytic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Although there are many studies involving LPMOs, few of LPMOs have been applied to industrial biomass conversion, which poses challenges for their expression, regulation, and application. We comprehensively review the recent advances in LPMOs from the aspects of discovery and classification, catalytic mechanism, and relationship between structure and function. Further, we systematically summarize the activity determination and recombinant expression methods of LPMOs. Finally, we introduce the applications of LPMOs in different fields and put forward the future research directions. This review helps deepen the systematic understanding and promote the research and engineering of LPMOs, which will provide reference for the application of LPMOs.