生物有机肥对菠萝心腐病及根际土壤细菌群落的影响

Effect of bio-organic fertilizer on heart rot and bacterial community in rhizosphere of pineapple

摘要:

【目的】探明施用生物有机肥对菠萝心腐病的防控效果及对根际土壤微生物的影响。【方法】本研究采用高通量测序技术，综合分析不同施肥措施根际土壤微生物细菌群落多样性及群落特征。【结果】相比常规施肥处理(CK)和普通有机肥处理(YJ)，生物有机肥处理KN (羊粪有机肥+泥炭土+枯草芽孢杆菌)和生物有机肥处理KY (羊粪有机肥+椰糠+枯草芽孢杆菌)均能显著降低菠萝心腐病的发病率，且KN处理的防控效果最佳。生物有机肥(KN、KY)施入后土壤细菌α多样性指数高于CK和YJ处理，并形成了明显不同的细菌群落结构。与CK相比，生物有机肥KN处理显著提高了拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的丰度，KY处理中的酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)丰度显著增加；属水平上，生物有机肥中的蔗糖伯克霍尔德菌属(Paraburkholderia)和黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)丰度均显著提升。方差分区分析(variance partitioning analysis, VPA)表明，土壤化学性质(36.29%)对细菌群落影响最大，其中土壤速效钾和有机质是影响土壤细菌群落的关键因子，此外发病率(22.53%)和肥料偏生产力(16.42%)也是影响土壤细菌群落的重要因子。【结论】施用生物有机肥(KN、KY)能改变根际土壤细菌群落结构，降低发病率，对菠萝根际土壤生态系统稳定与健康具有重要意义。

Abstract:

[Objective] To investigate the effect of the bio-organic fertilizer on heart rot and rhizosphere bacteria of pineapple. [Methods] Through high-throughput sequencing, we explored the bacterial diversity and community in rhizosphere of pineapple applied with different fertilizers. [Results] Compared with conventional fertilizer treatment (CK) and common organic fertilizer treatment (YJ), bio-organic fertilizer treatments of KN (sheep manure+peat soil+Bacillus subtilis) and KY (sheep manure+coconut chaff+B. subtilis) significantly reduced the incidence of heart rot in pineapple, especially KN. The α diversity of soil in KN and KY was higher than that of CK and YJ and a significantly different bacterial community structure emerged in the two bio-organic fertilizer treatments. Compared with CK, KN significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, while the abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, and Nitrospirae in KY was significantly raised. At the genus level, the abundance of both Paraburkholderia and Flavobacterium in the bio-organic fertilizer treatments was significantly elevated. Variance partitioning analysis suggested that soil chemical properties (36.29%) had the greatest influence on the bacterial community, particularly soil available potassium and organic matter. In addition, the incidence (22.53%) and partial productivity of fertilizer (16.42%) were also the key influencing factors.[Conclusion] The application of bio-organic fertilizers (KN, KY) can change bacterial community structure in rhizosphere of pineapple and decrease the incidence of heart rot, which are important for the rhizosphere ecosystem stability and health of pineapple.