细菌抵抗消毒剂及其对抗生素共耐药

Resistance of bacteria to disinfectants and co-resistance of disinfectant-resistant bacteria to antibiotics

摘要:

消毒剂是一种可杀灭物体表面、器材设备、皮肤、空气和水源等传播媒介上携带的病原微生物的有机分子。它在体外能杀灭病原微生物，切断其传播途径，进而达到控制污染的目的，在生命安全防控中起着重要的作用。但是不合理地使用消毒剂导致细菌对消毒剂产生耐药。消毒剂耐药基因在不同种属间的水平转移加剧其传播风险，使消毒剂耐药情况进一步恶化。更令人担忧的是，细菌对消毒剂的耐药可能会导致对抗生素产生共耐药，给公共安全带来巨大的威胁。但目前为止，对消毒剂耐药以及共耐药的认识还不够全面。本文总结了关于细菌对消毒剂耐药的研究报道，对消毒剂的作用机制、细菌对消毒剂的耐药机制进行了论述，另外针对消毒剂耐药基因的传播以及细菌对消毒剂和抗生素的共耐药进行了综述，为减少消毒剂耐药性的产生和制定合理的消毒剂使用规范奠定基础。

Abstract:

Disinfectants are organic molecules that kill pathogenic microorganisms on object surface, equipment, and skin, in the air and water, and carried by other vectors. They can kill pathogenic microorganisms in vitro and cut off their transmission routes to achieve contamination control, playing a role in ensuring life safety. However, the irrational use of disinfectants leads to resistance of bacteria to disinfectants. Horizontal transfer of disinfectant resistance genes between different species exacerbates the risk of transmission, aggravating resistance to disinfectants. Moreover, bacterial resistance to disinfectants may lead to co-resistance to antibiotics, posing a huge threat to public safety. However, the knowledge about resistance to disinfectants and co-resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics is limited. We review the research reports on the resistance of bacteria to disinfectants, introduce the mechanisms of disinfectants and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to disinfectants, and expound the spread of disinfectant resistance genes and the co-resistance of bacteria to disinfectants and antibiotics. This review lays a foundation for reducing the emergence of disinfectant resistance and formulating reasonable specifications for the use of disinfectants.