微生物降解玉米赤霉烯酮的研究进展

Research progress in microbial degradation of zearalenone

摘要:

玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone，ZEN）是霉变谷物中常见的霉菌毒素之一，主要出现在霉变的玉米、小麦等谷物中，给畜禽和人类带来一定程度的健康危害，如生殖毒性、免疫毒性、肝毒性和肾毒性等。目前，解决玉米赤霉烯酮污染问题的方法包括物理、化学和生物3个途径。虽然传统的物理和化学脱毒方法已经运用在许多的饲料生产中，但同时也存在着二次污染的风险。生物降解法是一种利用微生物吸附和降解玉米赤霉烯酮的脱毒方法，具有安全环保、高效、特异性强和脱毒率高的特性，且不影响谷物的营养价值，已成为玉米赤霉烯酮降解研究的热点。本文主要介绍了近年来降解玉米赤霉烯酮的微生物种类，并将其归纳分类，从微生物的脱毒能力、脱毒方法和脱毒产物进行了叙述，综述了微生物脱毒的优点及前景，以期为微生物降解玉米赤霉烯酮的理论研究及实际应用提供新的视角。

Abstract:

Zearalenone (ZEN), one of the common mycotoxins in moldy grain crops such as maize and wheat, brings health hazards to domesticated animals and humans, demonstrating reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Physical, chemical, and biological methods have been used to address zearalenone contamination. The physical and chemical methods applied in feed production have a risk of secondary contamination. Biodegradation as a detoxification method using microbial adsorption and degradation of zearalenone is the characterized by high safety, environmental friendliness, high efficiency, specificity, and high detoxification rate and does not affect the nutritional value of grains. Therefore, biodegradation becomes a hot spot for the research on zearalenone degradation. This article mainly introduces the microbial species capable of degrading zearalenone from the detoxification capacity, methods, and products and summarizes the advantages and prospects of microbial detoxification, aiming to provide new perspectives for the theoretical research and practical application of microbial methods for degrading zearalenone.