无菌动物及其在微生物与宿主互作机制研究中的应用

Application of germ-free animals in the research on the mechanisms of microorganism-host interactions

摘要:

无菌动物是指通过现代技术手段在其体内外的任何部位均检测不出细菌、真菌、放线菌、支原体、衣原体、螺旋体、立克次氏体、病毒、原生动物和寄生虫的动物。无菌动物因其不携带任何微生物，可转化为携带特定微生物的动物，同时因其免疫系统处于休眠状态，对微生物感染异常敏感，可建立多种悉生动物模型，用于特定微生物感染实验和致病机制研究。此外，无菌动物作为关键工具，是研究菌群与疾病关系的核心，在微生物与宿主健康、疾病和感染机制研究过程中，起着不可替代的作用。本文将对无菌动物及其在微生物与宿主互作机制研究中的应用进行简要综述。

Abstract:

Germ-free animals refer to the animals in which bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, mycoplasma, chlamydia, spirochetes, rickettsia, viruses, protozoa, and parasites cannot be detected in any part of the body and in vitro by modern technologies. Since germ-free animals do not carry any microorganism, they can be modeled into the animals carrying specific microorganisms. Because of the dormant immune system, germ-free animals are extremely sensitive to microbial infections. A variety of gnotobiotic animal models can be established for specific microbial infection experiments and pathogenic mechanism research. As a key tool, germ-free animals are pivotal in studying the relationship between microbiome and diseases and play an irreplaceable role in the research on the relationship between microbiome and host health and the mechnisms of infections. We briefly introduce germ-free animals and review the applications of germ-free animals in the research on the mechanisms of host-microorganism interactions.