新型冠状病毒及泛β冠状病毒广谱中和单抗的研究进展

Broad-spectrum neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and pan-beta-coronaviruses

摘要:

新型冠状病毒的全球大流行，给人类的生命健康和社会秩序带来了巨大的危害。疫苗、小分子药物及各类抗体药物的研发在遏制新型冠状病毒感染传播、降低重症率和死亡风险上发挥了积极的作用。然而，由于新冠病毒庞大的感染基数及自身易突变的特征，当前已经演化出多种能逃逸疫苗及中和抗体的变异株，显著削弱了抗体的保护效果。研发新型冠状病毒广谱甚至泛β冠状病毒广谱的中和抗体对于未来新冠变异株及其他高致病性β冠状病毒的防治具有重要意义。本文从新型冠状病毒中和抗体的筛选制备策略、作用机制、中和效果及广谱性等方面进行了系统综述，并对当前面临的挑战和未来的发展方向进行了讨论和展望，以期为后续相关研究提供参考。

Abstract:

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) threatens human health and disturbs the social order. The development of vaccines, oral drugs, and antibodies against COVID-19 has played a positive role in controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections, reducing the disease severity and death risk. However, due to the large number of infected people and the rapid mutations of the virus, numerous variants that can evade the vaccines and neutralizing antibodies emerged and significantly weakened the protective effects of the vaccines and antibodies. Developing broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 or even pan-beta-coronaviruses is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 variants and other highly pathogenic beta-coronaviruses. This article systematically reviews the strategies for the screening and preparation, mechanisms of action, neutralization effects, and broad-spectrum properties of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and discusses the current challenges and future research directions, aiming to provide a reference for the future research in this field.