橙皮苷与迷迭香酸组合对育肥猪盲肠肠道形态、抗氧化功能、菌群结构及屏障功能的影响

Combination of hesperidin and rosmarinic acid affects cecal morphology, antioxidant function, microbiota structure, and barrier function of finishing pigs

摘要:

【目的】本研究旨在探究橙皮苷与迷迭香酸组合对育肥猪生长性能与盲肠的肠道形态、抗氧化功能、菌群结构及屏障功能的影响。【方法】选取24头90日龄的杜×长×大三元杂交公猪，随机分为4组，每组6个重复，每个重复1头猪，进行为期90 d的试验。对照组(control, Con)饲喂基础日粮，橙皮苷组(hesperidin, Hes)在基础日粮中添加600 mg/kg橙皮苷，迷迭香酸组(rosmarinic acid, RA)在基础日粮中添加40 mg/kg迷迭香酸，橙迷组(Hes×RA)在基础日粮中添加300 mg/kg橙皮苷与20 mg/kg迷迭香酸。【结果】与Con组相比，橙皮苷与迷迭香酸组合显著提高了育肥猪前期、后期、全期的平均日采食量，显著提高了前期、全期的平均日增重，显著降低了全期的料重比(P<0.05)；橙皮苷与迷迭香酸组合显著提高了育肥猪盲肠的黏膜厚度，同时显著提高了盲肠的总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性并增强了核因子E2相关因子(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, NRF2)、血红素加氧酶-1 (heme oxygenase-1, HO-1)的相对mRNA表达量(P<0.05)；橙皮苷与迷迭香酸组合显著降低了变形杆菌(Proteobacteria)、Terrisporobacter、Clostridium sensu stricto 1和Romboutsia的相对丰度，显著提高了拟杆菌(Bacteroidota)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、Muribaculaceae_norank、Phascolarctobacterium和Rikenellaceae RC9的相对丰度，并显著提高了盲肠食糜中异丁酸与丁酸的浓度，同时显著提高了闭锁小带蛋白-1 (zonula occludens 1, ZO-1)、闭合蛋白-1 (Claudin-1)、黏蛋白-2 (mucin-2, MUC-2)的相对mRNA表达量，显著降低了白细胞介-1β (interleukin-1β, IL-1β)的含量，并显著提高了分泌性免疫球蛋白A (secretory immunoglobulin A, SIgA)的含量(P<0.05)。【结论】橙皮苷与迷迭香酸组合提高了育肥猪的生长性能，改善了盲肠的肠道形态，调节了盲肠食糜菌群组成并增强了盲肠的抗氧化能力与屏障功能。

Abstract:

[Objective] To investigate the effect of hesperidin (Hes) and rosmarinic acid (RA) combination on the growth performance and the cecal morphology, antioxidant function, microbiota, and barrier function of finishing pigs. [Methods] Twenty-four 90-day-old Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire male pigs were randomly assigned to control (Con), Hes, RA, and Hes×RA groups (n=6). The Con, Hes, RA, and Hes×RA groups were given a basal diet, a basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg Hes, a basal diet supplemented with 40 mg/kg RA, and a basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg Hes and 20 mg/kg RA, respectively. The trial period was 90 d and divided into two stages: early fattening stage (1-40 d) and late fattening stage (40-90 d). [Results] Compared with the Con group, Hes×RA increased the average daily feed intake in the early fattening stage, late fattening stage, and whole period, increased the average daily gain in the early fattening stage and whole period, and decreased the feed/gain ratio in the whole period (P<0.05). Hes×RA increased the mucosal thickness, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and up-regulated the relative mRNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) of cecum (P<0.05). The combination decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Terrisporobacter, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Romboutsia, increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota,Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae_norank, Phascolarctobacterium, and Rikenellaceae RC9, and increased the concentrations of isobutyrate and butyrate in the cecal digesta compared with the Con group (P<0.05). Furthermore, this combination up-regulated the relative mRNA levels of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), Claudin-1, and mucin-2 (MUC-2), reduced the content of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in the cecum (P<0.05) compared with the Con group. [Conclusion] The Hes×RA combination improved the growth performance and the cecal morphology, microbiota structure, antioxidant capacity, and barrier function of finishing pigs.