根除细菌生物被膜的新视角：分散

Dispersion: a new perspective for eradicating bacterial biofilm

摘要:

细菌生物被膜(biofilm, BF)是细菌为对抗外界压力形成的一种自我保护结构，对于抗菌药物具有极高的耐受性，在临床上极易引发难治性慢性感染。BF分散是指在BF形成周期中，膜内细胞主动逸出，恢复浮游生长模式，寻找新定植位点的过程。由于细菌在浮游状态下，更易受到抗菌药与免疫反应的作用，诱导BF分散是控制BF相关感染(biofilm-associated infections, BAI)的一条富有前景的策略。本文从BF分散的方式和信号分子等角度，对BF分散的调控机制进行分析；归纳能影响BF分散的物质，并对BF分散后可能带来的危害及未来的研究思路进行简述，以期为研发新型分散剂和深入研究药物作用的靶点提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Biofilm (BF), a self-protective structure formed by bacteria and other microorganisms to resist external stress, is tolerant to antibacterial agents and could cause refractory chronic infections. BF dispersion refers to the process in which the cells in BF actively escape, resume the planktonic lifestyle, and find new colonization sites during the formation cycle of BF. Since bacteria in the planktonic state are more vulnerable to antimicrobial agents and immune responses, inducing BF dispersion has become a promising strategy for controlling biofilm-associated infections (BAI). We summarize the regulatory mechanisms and signaling molecules of BF dispersion, generalize a table of substances that could affect BF dispersion, and briefly expound potential hazards after BF dispersion and the directions of future research in this field. By this review, we sincerely hope to provide theoretical reference for the development of new dispersants and drug targets.