厌氧氨氧化菌内含物——糖原颗粒

Research progress in glycogen particles in anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria

摘要:

厌氧氨氧化菌(anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, AnAOB)是分类学上新近建立的细菌类群。由于生长缓慢，培养困难，迄今没有获得纯培物。与已知细菌类群相比，AnAOB具有诸多特异性细胞结构和功能。AnAOB是化能自养型细菌，但在其细胞内经常可见贮藏性的内含物——糖原颗粒。探讨这种糖原颗粒的性状与动态，可深化人们对AnAOB的认识。本文结合文献报道及前期研究基础，对厌氧氨氧化菌糖原颗粒的结构、代谢和功能特性进行了探讨，分析认为AnAOB糖原颗粒分布于核糖细胞质内，且处于多途径合成与多位点消耗的动态平衡中；此外，糖原颗粒具有提供能量、碳架和应激保护等能力，对逆境下AnAOB的生存具有重要意义。本综述可为厌氧氨氧化菌的深入研究和工程应用提供支撑。

Abstract:

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) are a newly developed taxonomic group. Due to the slow growth and difficult cultivation, pure cultures of AnAOB have not yet been obtained. AnAOB exhibit unique cellular structures and functions compared with the well-known bacterial groups. Although being chemolithotrophic bacteria, AnAOB often contain cellular inclusions, e.g., glycogen particles. Studying the characteristics and dynamics of glycogen particles will deepen our understanding into AnAOB. According to relevant literature and our previous work, we systematically summarized the properties of the structure, metabolism, and function of the glycogen particles in AnAOB. The glycogen particles in AnAOB exist in the riboplasm and are in dynamic balance between synthesis via various pathways and degradation at multiple sites. Additionally, glycogen particles can serve as energy and carbon sources and provide stress protection, which are of great significance for the survival of AnAOB under adverse conditions. This review is expected to underpin the further investigation and application of AnAOB.