微生物胞内外pH稳态维持机制研究进展

Research progress in the mechanisms of maintaining intracellular and extracellular pH homeostasis in microorganisms

摘要:

无论是在环境中还是细胞内部，适当的pH值对于微生物的生存和功能发挥都至关重要。在酸碱环境的胁迫下，微生物进化出了诸如氢离子转运、产生酸性或碱性物质和细胞膜保护等多种应对策略来维持胞内pH稳态。此外，微生物还进化出了主动改变外部环境pH的能力。本文综述了在酸碱胁迫下微生物胞内pH稳态维持机制以及改变胞外pH机制，旨在提高微生物与环境相互作用的认知，为进一步研究微生物与环境协同机制提供参考。

关键词:pH稳态;氢离子;酸碱胁迫;胞外pH;机制

Abstract:

Proper pH is crucial for the survival and functions of microorganisms, whether in the environment or within cells. Under acidic or alkaline stress, microorganisms have evolved diverse strategies, such as proton transport, production of acidic or alkaline substances, and cell membrane protection, to maintain intracellular pH homeostasis. Moreover, microorganisms have evolved the ability to actively change the extracellular pH. This article reviews the mechanisms by which microorganisms maintain intracellular pH homeostasis under acid or alkaline stress and alter extracellular pH. It aims to enhance our understanding of the interaction between microorganisms and the environment and provide a reference for further research on the synergistic mechanisms between microorganisms and the environment.

Key words:pH homeostasis;hydrogen ion;acidic or alkaline stress;extracellular pH;mechanisms