外膜囊泡的物质传递及细菌保护作用研究进展

Research progress in material delivery and bacterial protection of outer membrane vesicles

摘要:

外膜囊泡（outer membrane vesicles，OMVs）是一种直径为10-250 nm的球状结构，由革兰氏阴性菌分泌。OMVs已逐渐被认为是一种新型的分泌系统，它能运输脂质、蛋白质、核酸、细胞毒素和信号分子等不同物质，具有多种生物学功能，包括细菌与细菌之间的交流、致病因子传递、抵抗外界不良环境和调节免疫反应等。近年来，细菌OMVs基于生物特征介导的抗生素耐药性传递与OMVs的应用潜能逐步受到重视。本文旨在对细菌OMVs的来源与物质传递作用、其在抗生素条件与其他逆境环境下的细菌保护作用、细菌OMVs在治疗疾病方面的应用潜力进行综述，以期对OMVs的相关研究提供更全面的认识。

关键词:外膜囊泡;耐药性;物质传递;保护;应用

Abstract:

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical structures secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, with diameters of 10-250 nm. OMVs have gradually been recognized as a novel secretion system capable of transporting various substances such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, cytotoxins, and signaling molecules. OMVs possess a range of biological functions, including inter-bacterial communication, transmission of pathogenic factors, resistance to adverse external environments, and modulation of immune responses. Due to the distinct biological characteristics of OMVs, the antibiotic resistance transmission mediated by bacterial OMVs, as well as the potential applications of OMVs, has garnered increasing attention in recent years. This paper reviews the origins and substance delivery functions of bacterial OMVs and the protective effects of OMVs on the bacteria exposed to antibiotics and in adverse environments. Furthermore, this paper summarizes the potential applications of bacterial OMVs in the treatment of diseases, aiming to enrich the knowledge about bacterial OMVs.

Key words:outer membrane vesicles;drug resistance;substance delivery;protection;application