江山乌猪肠道黏膜菌群组成及其功能的性别差异

Differences of the composition and functions of intestinal mucosal microbiota between male and female Jiangshan Black pigs

摘要:

肠道黏膜微生物在调控宿主生理功能方面发挥重要作用，其结构组成受到多种因素影响。性别被认为是塑造肠道微生物的因素之一。然而，性别对肠道黏膜菌群的差异影响还不清楚。【目的】以江山乌猪为研究对象，探究性别差异对其肠道黏膜微生物组成及功能的影响。【方法】选取性成熟的雌性和雄性江山乌猪各8头，利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术分析回肠和结肠黏膜菌群。【结果】在回肠黏膜中，雄性江山乌猪菌群的Chao1指数和Shannon指数显著高于雌性(P<0.05)，在结肠黏膜中，不同性别江山乌猪菌群Chao1指数和Shannon指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。菌群差异分析显示，回肠黏膜中，沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)和埃希氏志贺菌属(Escherichia_Shigella)在雌性组中的相对丰度显著高于雄性组(P<0.05)，雄性组中Oscillospiraceae UCG-005、拟普雷沃氏菌属(Alloprevotella)、布劳特氏菌属(Blautia)和Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group相对丰度显著高于雌性组(P<0.05)；结肠黏膜中，雌性组中unclassified_Muribaculaceae、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group和Prevotellaceae UCG-003相对丰度显著高于雄性组(P<0.05)，Oscillospiraceae UCG-005、Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group和unclassified_Lachnospiraceae在雄性组中相对丰度更高(P<0.05)。功能预测发现，雄性乌猪回肠黏膜菌群显著富集了氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和能量代谢等功能途径(P<0.05)；结肠黏膜菌群主要富集了膜转运相关的ABC转运蛋白和信号转导相关的双组分系统等功能途径(P<0.05)。【结论】不同性别江山乌猪肠黏膜菌群结构及功能具有明显差异。这些结果揭示了不同性别江山乌猪肠道黏膜菌群的差异特征，为了解和挖掘我国地方畜禽品种肠道微生物资源提供部分参考。

Abstract:

The intestinal mucosal microbiota plays an important role in regulating the physiological functions of the host, and its structure and composition are modulated by multiple factors. The host sex is regarded as a key factor shaping the gut microbiota. However, the effects of different sexes on intestinal mucosal microbiota remain unclear. [Objective] To investigate the differences of the composition and functions of the intestinal mucosal microbiota between male and female Jiangshan Black pigs. [Methods] This study analyzed the ileal and colonic mucosal microbiota of eight sexually mature female and eight male Jiangshan Black pigs by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. [Results] The Chao1 index and Shannon index of the ileal mucosal microbiota in male pigs were higher than that in female pigs (P<0.05). However, the two indexes of the colonic mucosal microbiota had no significant differences between the male and female pigs (P>0.05). The ileal mucosa of female pigs had higher relative abundance of Serratia and Escherichia_Shigella and lower relative abundance of Oscillospiraceae UCG-005, Alloprevotella, Blautia and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group than that of male pigs (P<0.05). The colonic mucosa of female pigs had higher relative abundance of unclassified_Muribaculaceae, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 and lower relative abundance of Oscillospiraceae UCG-005, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and unclassified_Lachnospiraceae than that of male pigs (P<0.05). Functional prediction results showed that the intestinal mucosal microbiota of male Jiangshan Black pigs was mainly enriched with functional pathways such as amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism (P<0.05), while the colonic mucosal microbiota was mainly enriched with functional pathways such as ABC transporters and two-component signal transduction systems (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The structure and function of intestinal mucosal microbiota were different between male and female Jiangshan Black pigs. The results provide references for understanding and excavating the intestinal microbial resources of local breeds of domesticated animals in China.