肠道菌群-肠-脑-肌轴信号交流的研究进展

Research progress in signaling of gut microbiota-gut-brain-muscle axis

摘要:

肠道菌群及其代谢产物在老年神经退行性疾病、胃肠道疾病以及肌肉骨骼系统性疾病的发病与康复中的作用越来越受到关注。肠道菌群及其代谢产物可通过免疫、内分泌和神经系统等多种途径调节大脑神经或肌肉骨骼系统功能；反之，肠道、大脑或肌肉骨骼系统也可通过炎症、代谢或线粒体通路作用于肠道系统，调节肠道菌群微生态，形成肠道菌群与肠-脑、肠-肌、 肠-脑-肌之间的双向信号交流机制，从而影响机体健康。因此，本综述总结了肠道菌群如何通过代谢产物、肠道通透性和免疫-神经通路建立起肠-脑-肌之间的相互联系，为促进大脑神经的可塑性和改善肌肉健康提供新思路。

Abstract:

The roles of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the pathogenesis and rehabilitation of neurodegenerative diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, and musculoskeletal systemic diseases in the elderly are receiving increasing attention. Gut microbiota and its metabolites can regulate the functions of the cranial nervous system and the musculoskeletal system through various pathways, involving the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems. Conversely, the gut, brain, and musculoskeletal system can act on the intestinal system via inflammatory, metabolic, and mitochondrial pathways to regulate the gut microbiota. Accordingly, bidirectional signaling mechanisms are formed via the gut-brain, gut-muscle, and gut-brain-muscle axes, which affect the organism health. This review summarizes that gut microbiota establishes gut-brain-muscle interconnections mainly through metabolites, intestinal permeability, and immune-neural pathways, providing new ideas for improving the brain neuroplasticity and muscle health.