益生菌对特应性皮炎的防治及机制研究进展

Research progress in probiotics for prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis

摘要:

特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis, AD)是一种以反复发作和严重瘙痒为特征、发病率最高的过敏性皮肤病。AD的致病机制涉及遗传易感性、表皮屏障功能障碍、微生物组失调、免疫反应失衡以及环境等多个因素，而现有治疗用药副作用大、疗效欠佳。目前研究已发现肠道菌群尤其是益生菌在AD中起着重要作用。益生菌能够通过抑制病原菌、增强屏障功能、改善肠道环境和平衡Th1/Th2免疫应答等机制改善AD症状。本文综述了AD患者皮肤及肠道微生态特征，基于AD发病的致病机制和影响因素，系统阐明益生菌缓解AD的机制，以期为益生菌治疗AD及相关皮肤过敏性疾病提供理论支持。

Abstract:

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly prevalent allergic skin disease characterised by recurrent attacks and severe itching. The pathogenesis of AD involves a variety of factors including genetic susceptibility, epidermal barrier dysfunction, microbiome dysbiosis, immune imbalance, and the environment, while the available therapeutic drugs have severe side effects and limited efficacy. Studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota, particularly probiotics, play a role in AD. Probiotics can alleviate AD symptoms by inhibiting pathogens, enhancing barriers, improving the intestinal environment, and balancing the Th1/Th2 immune response, among other mechanisms. In this review, we summarized the skin and intestinal microecological characteristics of AD patients and systematically elucidated the mechanisms of probiotics in alleviating AD from the pathogenesis and influencing factors of AD, aiming to provide theoretical support for probiotics in the treatment of AD and related allergic skin diseases.